체화된 인지 관점의 현대 메모리얼 공간 기억 체험에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Since the 21st century, the continued occurrence of unpredictable events such as large-scale disasters, acts of terrorism, and pandemics has highlighted the inadequacy of traditional commemorative approaches and has precipitated the necessity for novel forms of collective remembrance. The advent of digital technologies and the proliferation of individualized culture have served to underscore the significance of memory experiences that are constructed through personal sensory and bodily interactions. This shift has necessitated an integrative understanding of both physical and immaterial environments that extends beyond conventional symbols and iconography. These transformations in memorial discourse necessitate a more profound reinterpretation of cognitive processes within spatial experiences. Based on the theory of embodied cognition, this study explores how contemporary memorial spaces facilitate the embodiment and expansion of memory through interactions between the physical body, sensory perception, spatial context, and external media. It aims to present novel theoretical foundations for interpreting and designing memorial spaces in ways that activate memory processes rather than merely represent them. (Method) This study adopts the theoretical framework of embodied cognition, emphasizing the interactive roles of the brain, body, and environment in shaping memory. A literature review on embodied cognition and a range of extant studies on memorial space was conducted in parallel. Based on these foundations, a five-axis evaluation framework was developed, comprising sensory immersion, physical participation, environmental mediation, external extension, and shared circulation, with 17 detailed evaluation criteria. A selection of five domestic and international memorial spaces that were completed after the year 2000 were chosen on the basis of their symbolic clarity and international recognition for design excellence. Each case was qualitatively analyzed using the developed framework to assess how memory is constructed and expanded through spatial interactions. (Results) The results demonstrate that all five memorial spaces effectively integrate embodied cognitive elements through multisensory, bodily, environmental, and external interactions. While each space displayed different characteristics across the five evaluation axes, most sites exhibited a strong tendency to evoke emotions through multisensory design. Positive evaluation outcomes were observed when additional contents were spatially segmented and integrated organically around the central memorial structure. However, the dimension of shared circulation was generally underdeveloped, revealing limitations in autonomous bodily engagement and reciprocal memory practices—key aspects of embodied cognition. (Conclusions) These findings suggest that future memorial spaces must evolve beyond fixed, symbolic forms and transform into dynamic environments where memory is actively shaped through sensory immersion, bodily participation, and shared engagement with others. This perspective positions embodied cognition as a critical interpretive lens for understanding how memory is constructed and extended through spatial experiences. Consequently, the design of memorials, must shift toward facilitating ongoing processes of remembering, engaging visitors not just as observers but as participants in the co-construction of memory.