문화취약계층을 위한 박물관 체험전시 환경의 유니버설디자인 연구 - 고령자와 장애인을 중심으로 -

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Museums have expanded their role to become experiential spaces that share stories through culture. The diversification of exhibition media offers user-centered, experiential exhibits that allow visitors to actively engage with knowledge, but it also hinders accessibility for visitors with physical limitations. Every year, the needs of older adults and people with disabilities increase, but there is a lack of environments that allow them to experience exhibitions on the same terms as the general public. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of culturally vulnerable groups by type of experiential exhibition and propose guidelines for the exhibition environment to ensure the cultural enjoyment rights of culturally vulnerable groups by applying information on the characteristics and behavior of vulnerable groups. (Method) The scope of this study is limited to multisensory museum experiential exhibits that engage visitors. The concept of universal design is analyzed and evaluation items are derived from previous studies and theories. Based on the relevant laws and literature, we limit the research target and analyze the exhibition viewing characteristics of culturally vulnerable groups. As a case study, the interaction characteristics of experiential exhibition types and universal design principles of domestic and foreign museums are analyzed, and guidelines for the viewing environment of experiential exhibitions for culturally vulnerable groups are presented. (Results) Science museums had low evaluations on the supportability, safety, and equality of universal design principles due to the lack of consideration for culturally vulnerable groups who have difficulty with detailed manipulation, although they interact with exhibits directly using their hands. History museums interacted with the senses and supported visitors' functions to facilitate participation, but lacked accessibility and safety. Art museums received the highest scores for the principles of universal design because their free-form exhibits require individual problem-solving and cognitive skills, which hinders the engagement of culturally vulnerable groups, but they have identified ways to improve using advanced technology. (Conclusions) This study analyzed the types of interactions between older adults and people with disabilities in six types of experiential exhibits and their supportiveness, accessibility, safety, and equality to derive a sample for guidelines. Based on the results of the analysis and the characteristics of the culturally vulnerable groups' visits to experiential exhibitions, guidelines were presented to fulfill the principles of universal design. The guidelines for the exhibition environment for culturally vulnerable groups derived from the study are significant in that they help ensure supportiveness, accessibility, safety, and equality, and are expected to be utilized as a basic resource for creating an exhibition environment for culturally vulnerable groups.