유니버설 디자인의 관점으로 본 중국 도시공원의 적용성 평가 및 이용자 만족도 연구

Abstract

(Background and purpose) Although the construction of urban parks in China is increasing due to rapid economic development, most of the existing urban parks are intended for use by the general public and do not consider all individuals. In particular, it is difficult for vulnerable people to obtain equal-use rights for urban parks. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the problems with Chinese urban parks and suggest improvement measures through applicability and satisfaction analyses, targeting Chinese urban parks from the perspective of universal design. (Method) First, five elements of universal design were derived by referring to the literature and related guidelines. Second, the spatial components of Chinese urban parks were derived by referring to legal norms and standards and divided into nine areas. In combination with the excellent universal design guidelines from various countries, an evaluation table was derived for the applicability of universal design to Chinese urban parks. A user-satisfaction questionnaire was developed based on the contents of the evaluation table. Third, based on the applicability evaluation table, on-site surveys were conducted at four urban parks, and satisfaction questionnaires were distributed. (Result) The applicability of the universal design of the four urban parks was found to be average (3.69/5.00), and user satisfaction was generally good (3.51/5.00). In nine areas, toilets, parking lots, park facilities, and information facilities were evaluated poorly. When looking at the universal design elements, the evaluation of items related to inclusivity and safety was the lowest, followed by those related to comfort and accessibility. However, the evaluation of items related to convenience was relatively high. (Conclusion) It is necessary to improve parks based on a universal design perspective to ensure their equal use. The existing space elements are satisfactory, but a focus on the construction of park facilities is necessary. Inclusion can be improved by increasing barrier-free ramps; widening the roads; improving the shape of tables, chairs, and sinks; and increasing the number of feeding rooms. Consideration should be given to the safety of the flat floors, shape of the display panels, and benches. The density of the benches can be increased by securing a buffer space and improving comfort by adding a rest space in the shade. There should be no obstacles on the road, and sufficient access space should be secured. An open park should be constructed, sufficient rest areas and activity spaces should be provided, and sufficient facilities should be added so that users can easily use the park.