철도 지하화를 통해 재생되는 선형공원의 접근성 분석에 관한 연구
A Study on the Accessibility Analysis of Linear Parks Regenerated by Underground Railroads
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(연구배경 및 목적) 철도는 도시 발전의 핵심 역할을 해왔지만, 도심을 가로지르는 지상철도는 지역단절과 환경공해를 유발하며, 주변 지역 발전을 저해하는 요소로 작용해 왔다. 이에 서울시는 '2040 서울도시기본계획'에서 철도 지상 구간을 지하화하고 상부 공간을 녹지 및 상업시설 등으로 활용하는 복합개발 방안을 제안했다. 철도 지하화를 통해 단순한 공간 재배치가 아닌, 도시의 발전을 도모하는 지속 가능한 도시 재생을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 철도 지상부 구간의 문제점과 공간적 잠재력을 분석하고, 이를 재생하여 철도 지하화를 통해 재생되는 선형공원의 접근성 분석에 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 철도 지하화 사업의 주요 구간인 경부선 용산역-서울역 구간의 철도 지하화에 따른 접근성 변화를 분석하기 위해 지상부 철도 구간의 단절로 인한 접근성 저해와, 지하화 후 재생되는 상부 선형 공원의 개선 효과를 비교한다. 분석 도구는 그래스호퍼의 거리 네트워크 분석을 통해 철도 지상부와 지하화 구간의 접근성을 시각적으로 비교·분석한다. 이를 통해 철도 지하화가 주변 지역의 접근성에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. (결과) 철도 지하화를 통한 선형 공원 조성은 기존 지상철도 구간에 비해 주변 지역의 접근성이 크게 향상하는 효과를 보였다. 블록별 접근성 비교에서도 지상철도 구간은 도로 구조와 관계없이 접근성을 저해하는 장애물로 작용했음을 확인할 수 있다. 이를 통해 철도 지하화와 선형 공원이 도심 단절 문제를 완화하고 지역 접근성을 개선하는 효과적인 방안임을 객관적으로 나타낼 수 있었다. (결론) 본 연구는 지상철도 지하화를 통해 새롭게 형성된 상부구간에 대한 잠재적인 가치를 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 철도 지상부 선형공원에 대한 접근성 및 중심성을 수치화하여 분석하고, 이를 시각화함으로써 철도 지상부 공간의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 철도지하화 계획이 구체화되고 있는 현시점에서 해당 지역의 접근성을 수치화하여 분석하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 두었으며, 이를 바탕으로 철도 지상부의 재생방안을 고안해 낼 때 합리적인 기준을 제안할 수 있을 것이다. 앞으로 각 지역에 맞는 선형적 특성을 살린 다양한 재생 방향에 대한 심층적인 분석에 대한 연구가 필요하며, 철도 지하화로 조성된 선형적 공간이 다양한 방식으로 재생되어 입체적인 도시 가로가 될 것으로 기대하는 바이다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Although railroads have played a key role in urban development, ground railways across the city center have hindered the development of surrounding areas, causing regional disconnection and environmental pollution. In response, the Seoul Metropolitan Government proposed a complex development plan that undergrounds the ground section of the railway and utilizes the upper space as a green and commercial facility in the “2040 Seoul Urban Master Plan.” It aims to promote sustainable urban regeneration that promotes urban development and not merely spatial rearrangement through railway undergrounding. This study aims to analyze the problems and spatial potential of the ground section of a railway and the accessibility of linear parks regenerated through railway undergrounding. (Method) To analyze the change in accessibility caused by the railroad undergrounding of the Gyeongbu Line’s Yongsan Station and Seoul Station, the main section of the railway underground project, the interruption of the ground-level railway section, and the improvement effect of the upper linear park regenerated after undergrounding were compared. The analysis tool visually compares and analyzes the accessibility of the ground level and underground sections of the railway by analyzing the distance network of the grasshoffer. The effect of railroad undergrounding on the accessibility of the surrounding areas was quantitatively evaluated. (Results) The creation of a linear park through railroad undergrounding showed the effect of significantly improving the accessibility of the surrounding area compared with the existing ground rail section. When comparing accessibility by block, it was confirmed that the ground rail section acted as an obstacle to accessibility, regardless of the road structure. Thus, it is possible to indicate objectively that underground railroads and linear parks are effective measures for alleviating the problem of urban disconnection and improving regional access. (Conclusion) This study presents the potential value of a newly formed upper section for ground railway undergrounding. To this end, the importance of the space on the railway ground was confirmed by quantifying and analyzing the accessibility and centrality of the linear park on the railway ground. This study is significant in that the accessibility of the area is quantified and analyzed at the time when the railroad undergrounding plan is being materialized, and a reasonable standard can be suggested when devising a regeneration plan for the ground of the railway. In the future, it is expected that the linear space created by underground railroads will be regenerated in various ways to become a three-dimensional urban street.
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