FPS VR 게임 환경에서 몰입감의 유형에 따른 특성 연구 - 플로우 이론를 중심으로 -

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Virtual Reality (VR) technology has emerged as a transformative force across industries, offering users immersive environments that transcend traditional interaction paradigms. In particular, FPS VR games stand out as exemplary cases that deliver exceptional levels of immersion from a first-person perspective and realistic gameplay mechanics. Despite the increasing popularity of FPS VR games, existing research has predominantly focused on technical frameworks or collaborative designs, with limited emphasis on the impact of game content types on user immersion. To address this gap, this study identifies three primary immersive types—immersive storytelling, visual and auditory presentations, and events—and analyzes their characteristics based on the seven attributes of flow theory. The goal is to provide foundational insights into VR game design, highlighting the elements contributing to enhanced immersive experiences. (Method) This study selected FPS VR games based on user ratings and popularity rankings from the Steam platform. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the selected games, including categories such as game title, images, developer, release year, content description, primary immersive type, and a detailed analysis of immersive characteristics. Drawing on flow theory, this study identified and focused on three key characteristics—clear goals, immediate feedback, and concentration— central to fostering immersion. These characteristics were systematically examined across case examples to determine how they were implemented and their impact on user engagement within different immersive types. (Results) The analysis revealed distinct applications of immersive characteristics among the three identified types. Immersive storytelling utilizes nonlinear structures and choice-based designs, allowing players to influence the progression of narratives actively. Clear goals provide players with a clear sense of purpose, while immediate feedback on their decisions reinforces narrative immersion by highlighting the direct consequences of their actions. Visual and auditory presentations employ high-resolution graphics, realistic textures, and 3D audio technology to create life-like virtual environments. These elements enhance intuitive interaction and maintain immersion through real-time feedback of player actions. These events introduce unpredictable challenges and branching scenarios that sustain tension and engagement. The immediate feedback provided during these events amplifies the sense of control and keeps players focused on overcoming dynamic challenges. (Conclusion) This study confirms that immersive storytelling, visual and auditory presentations, and events are pivotal design elements in creating immersive FPS VR game experiences. Among the seven attributes of the flow theory, clear goals, immediate feedback, and concentration emerged as the most significant characteristics, playing a crucial role in intensifying user immersion across these types. By identifying these elements, this study provides guidelines for developing immersive FPS VR games. Future studies should validate these findings and explore their applicability across diverse VR genres.