경찰관의 대리외상화에 대한 연구
A Study on Vicarious Traumatization in Police Officers
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본 연구는 경찰관의 대리외상화 현황을 분석하고 이를 토대로 대책마련을 위한 기반을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 경찰관 210명을 대상으로 대리외상화 관련 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 이를 범죄피해자지원실무자 77명의 자료와 비교․분석하였다. 그 결과, 보통 수준 이상의 대리외상화 증상을 경험 중인 경찰관이 89.8%였으며 25.4%는 그 정도가 매우 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 대리외상화가 심각하다고 알려진 범죄피해자지원가집단에 비해 경찰관의 대리외상화가 유의미하게 심각하였으며, 특히 신뢰감, 존중감 및 타인에 대한 친밀감 영역의 대리외상화가 심각하였다. 계급과 전체 경력은 보호요인으로, 그리고 지역경찰근무경력은 위험요인으로 나타났다. 대리외상화 예측변인으로는 위기지지수준과 인내 및 아동기외상경험이 도출되었으며, 이 세 변인이 전체변량의 29.8%를 설명하였다. 연구의 제한점과 향후 연구를 위한 제언 및 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze levels of vicarious traumatization in police officers, and to derive policy suggestions for establishment of countermeasure based on them. Vicarious traumatization can cause a variety of unhealthy symptoms, such as recurrent, upsetting thoughts, thinking about the traumatic event, flashbacks, difficulty concentrating, confusion, relationship problems, lack of communication through denial, repression, isolation and disassociation, change in world views, and a loss of sense of meaning. Vicarious trauma is an off shoot of PTSD and the term was coined in the 1980’s. While PTSD is recognized as a clinical disorder, vicarious trauma is not. Vicarious trauma is easily confused with PTSD, Burn-Out, Counter-Transference, Secondary Traumatic Stress, Compassion Fatigue, but vicarious trauma is different in that it changes cognitive systems and core beliefs. It is the first study to explore vicarious traumatization within police officers and to examine variables associated with vicarious traumatization such as satisfaction with work, resilience, crisis support resources, and personal childhood trauma. For this goal, 210 members of the police officers completed a research pack containing the following questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire; Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale; Job Satisfaction Scale; Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; Crisis Support Questionnaire; Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The study compared police officers with practitioners for violent crime victims on a number of measures. As a result, 89.8% of respondents were experiencing vicarious traumatization above normal level, and 25.4% were very high level. Findings revealed that police officers showed significantly more severe symptoms of vicarious traumatization rather than practitioners for violent crime victims who were known to have serious vicarious traumatization, especially in the areas of trust, esteem and intimacy with others. Although the level of vicarious traumatization decreased as the age of respondents increased, there was no further decline in the age group of 50 or older as individual differences increased. The difference in vicarious traumatization according to demographic variables was not statistically significant. The respondents' rank and overall career experience were protective factors, and work experience in front line officer was a risk factor. The level of crisis support, tolerance, and history of childhood trauma were predictors of vicarious traumatization in police officers, and these three factors accounted for 29.8% of total variables. Limitations of the study and implications for further studies are discussed.
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