법과학 DNA 감정에서 접촉 감정물로부터 DNA 시료 탐지능 향상을 위한 4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde 적용
Utilization of 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to improve the detection of DNA samples from touch DNA evidence in Forensic DNA analysis
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초록
본 연구에서는 접촉 감정물에 묻어있는 피부세포 혹은 땀과 소량의 타액 반흔을 효율적으로 탐지하고자 잠재지문 현출 시약인 4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC)을 이용하였다. Ethyl acetate와 HFE-7100을 용매로 사용하여 0.01% DMAC solution을 제조하였다. DMAC solution을 타액 및 땀이 전사된 면봉에 처리 후 2시간 건조하여, 505 nm 출력파장의 법광원과 주황색 차폐필터로 관찰한 결과 생체시료의 탐지능이 향상되는 결과가 관찰되었다. 또한, 0.001~0.05%의 DMAC solution이 인체분비물(타액, 혈액 및 정액) 판정에 미치는 영향을 연구하였고, DMAC solution이 인체분비물 예비 및 확증검사에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 더불어 DMAC solution이 타액 DNA의 추출, 반응 시간에 의한 DNA 농도, 분해 지수 및 DNA 프로필 분석에 미치는 영향을 시험하였다. 비록 밀폐된 튜브에서 타액 시료와 DMAC solution을 1시간 반응시킨 군에서 DNA의 농도가 감소되었지만, DNA 분리와 DNA 프로필 분석에 안정적이었고, 모든 군에서 DNA 분해지수는 1 미만으로 검출되었다. 따라서, DMAC solution이 증거물에 반응하는 시간을 최소화하기 위해 적정량을 분사하고, 완벽히 건조하는 것이 DNA 수율에 중요한 요인이 될 것으로 사료되었다. 이러한 조건 하에, DMAC은 법과학 DNA 감정에서 LCN 시료 채취에 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 제안한다.
Abstract
In this study, 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), often used to visualise latent fingerprints, was used to efficiently detect touch DNA and small amounts of saliva stains on evidence. Ethyl acetate and HFE-7100 were used as solvents to prepare a 0.01% DMAC solution. This solution was used to immerse a cotton swab that had been used to collect sweat and saliva, and then the swab was dried for 2 hours. We observed that fluorescence of the area that the biological samples had been collected from was increased under a forensic light source with an orange filter at an excitation wavelength of 505 nm. In addition, we studied the effect of 0.001–0.05% DMAC solutions on the identification of body fluids (saliva, blood, and semen), and we found that they did not affect preliminary and confirmatory tests. Furthermore, we tested whether DMAC solutions affected saliva DNA extraction, DNA concentration and degradation (by reaction time), and data analysis. Although the concentration of DNA was slightly decreased in tests where DMAC and the sample were reacted in a sealed tube for 1 hour, DMAC solutions were stable for DNA extraction and DNA profiling, and the degradation index was less than 1 in all groups. Therefore, in order to minimise the time that the evidence is exposed to DMAC solutions, it is likely that the proper amount of spraying, and a complete drying process would be important to maintain DNA yields. We suggest that DMAC could be very useful for collecting LCN (low copy number) samples in forensic DNA analysis.
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