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유해로부터의 DNA 추출법에 대한 해외 동향 분석

DNA extraction from remains: international trends analysis

정주연|정규식|김유희
경찰대학 (Korea National Police University)|2024.03|경찰학연구 (The Journal of Police Science)|제24권 제1호|pp. 89-122|DOI 10.22816/polsci.2024.24.1.004

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키워드

고고학Archaeology치아뼈ForensicDNA extractionDNA 추출Bone법의학Teeth
주제분류법학

초록

대량 재난 사건이나 범죄 사건이 발생하였을 때, 유해의 뼈나 치아 등 경조직이 유일한 DNA 분석 시료가 되기도 한다. 하지만 경조직은 여전히 DNA 확보가 매우 어려운 시료 중 하나이다. 그 이유는 연조직이나 체액에 비하여 DNA의 양이 적고, 시신이 노출된 환경조건(습도, 온도, pH 및 토양 미생물 등)과 사후 보존 상태에 따라 유해의 분해 정도와 PCR 억제제 포함 정도가 다르며, 칼슘 제거 등 전처리 과정이 요구되기 때문이다. 그러므로 경조직에서 DNA 추출의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 시료의 상태에 따라 최적의 DNA 추출법을 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문은 DNA 프로파일링의 성공 확률을 높이는데 효과적인 DNA 추출법을 찾기 위하여 2013년에서 2023년까지의 문헌을 기준으로 DNA 추출법 및 전처리 방법에 대한 통계적 분석을 수행하였고, 법의학적 시료와 고고학적 시료를 나누어 제시하였으며, 이와 함께 익사체 및 소사체와 같은 손상도가 높은 시료에서의 DNA 추출 연구 동향을 조사하였다. 본 논문은 DNA 분석이 어려운 법과학 시료에서 최적의 DNA 추출법을 정립하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

At the occurrence of a mass disaster or crime, hard tissues such as bones or teeth of the skeletonized remains may be the only available source for DNA analysis. However, recovering DNA from these samples is challenging, owing to the limited quantity of DNA available when compared to samples such as soft tissues or body fluids. Moreover, the degree of decomposition and presence of PCR inhibitors in the sample varies depending on the environmental (humidity, temperature, pH, and soil-derived microorganisms) and preservation conditions. The samples also generally require complex pre-treatment processes including decalcification. To enhance the efficiency of DNA extraction from hard tissues, it is important to select an optimal DNA extraction method based on the condition of the samples. Herein, a statistical analysis of international trends of DNA extraction methods was performed, categorizing them based on literature published between 2013 and 2023. The classification highlighted methods that were applicable to forensic and archaeological samples. Moreover, this study included DNA extraction methods specifically for highly damaged samples, such as drowned bodies and burnt remains. Thus, this study is expected to be beneficial in establishing an optimal DNA extraction method for challenging forensic samples such as skeletal samples.

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