개항기(1876~1910) 중앙권력의 江華지역 군대 활용 양상 변화와 그 성격

Abstract

Ganghwa Island(江華島) traditionally served as a royal refuge during the Goryeo and Joseon periods because it was a key area of the water defense and was a strategically important location connected to each region across the country due to its geographical specificity as an island. However, the imperialist powers that invaded East Asia through inclusion diplomacy based on their superior naval power began to invade through the sea, and Ganghwa was also at the center of it. Daewongun(興宣大院君) used the troops of Ganghwa Island as a key method of the policy of rejecting trade diplomatic relations. On October 16, 1866, shortly after Byeonginyangyo, the Simdoyeongjodogam(沁都營造都監) was established, and on November 16, 1866, Jinmuyeong(鎭撫營) was promoted to Jeong 2-pum Amun to serve as a liberation camp while positioning Jinmuyeong in the same position as the central military camp. However, since Gojong(高宗) began his family’s government, the central power’s national policy has eased the policy of rejecting trade relations, unlike the Daewon-gun period, weakening the defense system centered on Jinmuyoung. Later, Gojong used the troops in Ganghwa as a tool for exercising power as needed by the central power. In 1894, Gojong mobilized Ganghwa Island troops to suppress Donghak Peasant Army. In addition, Ganghwa-do used the military for security maintenance activities, not military duties. As the central power was transferred to the Residency-General and the troops were dissolved, the military role in the Ganghwa Island region changed once again. It was converted from a military that was a means of exercising central power to a righteous army that resisted the new central power, Japanese imperialism. As its character changed from a military that kept power to a military that resisted power, the dissolution soldiers of the Ganghwa-do army played an important role in the righteous army resistance in Hwanghae-do, Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do.