본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

문장의 문법성이 한국어 학습자의 문법성 판단 과제 수행과 자각에 미치는 영향

The effect of grammaticality of sentences on grammaticality judgment performance and awareness of knowledge drawn on by learners of Korean as a second language

이은하
언어연구교육원 한국어학당 (The Institute of Language Research and Education Yonsei University)|2018.08|외국어로서의 한국어교육 (Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language)|제50권 |pp. 203-242|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21716/TKFL.50.203

2

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

implicit knowledgeawarenesssecondary task자각암시적 지식명시적 지식explicit knowledgegrammaticality judgment tasks문법성 판단 과제2차 과제
주제분류한국어와문학

초록

The present study aims at investigating the effect that grammaticality of the sentences has on accuracy, response time and self-reported use of explicit knowledge as the basis of their judgment when performing grammaticality judgment tasks (GJTs). Half of thirty intermediate or advanced L2 speakers of Korean performed a GJT while generating random numbers as a secondary task, whereas the other half of them judged sentences without a concurrent random number generation task. The results revealed (1) the lower accuracy rates on the grammatical section than the ungrammatical equivalent of a GJT with the secondary task, (2) no statistically significant difference in response time between two types of grammaticality, and (3) more self-reported use of explicit knowledge on the ungrammatical section than the grammatical equivalent of a GJT without the secondary ask. These findings suggest judgment on ungrammatical sentences and concurrent performance of both a GJT and a secondary task would strongly encourage L2 learners to retrieve explicit and implicit knowledge, respectively.

Abstract

The present study aims at investigating the effect that grammaticality of the sentences has on accuracy, response time and self-reported use of explicit knowledge as the basis of their judgment when performing grammaticality judgment tasks (GJTs). Half of thirty intermediate or advanced L2 speakers of Korean performed a GJT while generating random numbers as a secondary task, whereas the other half of them judged sentences without a concurrent random number generation task. The results revealed (1) the lower accuracy rates on the grammatical section than the ungrammatical equivalent of a GJT with the secondary task, (2) no statistically significant difference in response time between two types of grammaticality, and (3) more self-reported use of explicit knowledge on the ungrammatical section than the grammatical equivalent of a GJT without the secondary ask. These findings suggest judgment on ungrammatical sentences and concurrent performance of both a GJT and a secondary task would strongly encourage L2 learners to retrieve explicit and implicit knowledge, respectively.

참고문헌 (59)

  1. 김영주, "한국어 문법 항목의 난이도 연구 ― 학습자 언어권별 GJT 정답률 분석을 바탕으로 ―", 국어교육, (141), pp.307~335 (2013), 한국어교육학회
  2. 김영주, "한국어 숙달도와 문법성 판단 능력의 상관관계 연구", 한국어교육, 23(1), pp.123~159 (2012), 국제한국어교육학회[DOI]
  3. 남주연, "언어적성과 한국어 문법성 판단 능력의 상관관계 연구", 언어, 37(1), pp.131~155 (2012), 한국언어학회[DOI]
  4. 루시언 브라운, "한국어 학습자들의 동사 시제상 습득 양상에 대한 실험적 연구: 진행형 “-고 있다”를 중심으로", 한국어교육, 21(1), pp.151~173 (2010), 국제한국어교육학회[DOI]
  5. 박선희, "중국인 한국어 학습자의 과거시제 습득 연구", 한국어교육, 20(3), pp.79~110 (2009), 국제한국어교육학회[DOI]
  6. 백준오, "작업기억과 문법성 판단 능력의 상관관계 연구", 응용언어학, 28(1), pp.31~58 (2012), 한국응용언어학회
  7. 이정희, "한국어 학습자의 오류 연구" (2003), 도서출판 박이정
  8. 이해영, "과제 유형에 따른 한국어 학습자의 중간언어 변이", 이중언어학, (25), pp.255~283 (2004), 이중언어학회
  9. Andersen, R. W., "Handbook of second language acquisition", pp.527~570 (1996), Academic Press
  10. Bialystok, E., "Explicit and implicit judgments of L2 grammaticality", Language Learning, 29(1), pp.81~103 (1979)
  11. Bialystok, E., "Toward a definition of metalinguistic skill", Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 31(3), pp.229~251 (1985)
  12. Bley-Vroman, R., "Research methodology in second language acquisition", pp.245~261 (1994), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  13. Bowles, M. A., "Measuring implicit and explicit linguistic knowledge", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), pp.247~271 (2011)
  14. Chomsky, N., "Reflections on language" (1975), Pantheon Books
  15. Coppieters, R., "Competence differences between native and near-native speakers", Language, 63(3), pp.544~573 (1987)
  16. Davies, W. D., "Native speaker vs. L2 learner grammaticality judgements", Applied Linguistics, 19(2), pp.183~203 (1998)
  17. DeKeyser, R. M., "The handbook of second language acquisition", pp.313~348 (2003), Blackwell
  18. Dienes, Z., "Subjective measures of unconscious knowledge", Progress in Brain Research, 168, pp.49~64 (2007)
  19. Dienes, Z., "Measuring unconscious knowledge: Distinguishing structural knowledge and judgment knowledge", Psychological Research, 69(5), pp.338~351 (2005)
  20. Dienes, Z., "Implicit and explicit knowledge bases in artificial grammar learning", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(5), pp.875~887 (1991)
  21. Ellis, R., "The definition and measurement of L2 explicit knowledge", Language Learning, 54(2), pp.227~275 (2004)
  22. Ellis, R., "Grammaticality judgments and second language acquisition", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13(2), pp.161~186 (1991)
  23. Ellis, R., "Implicit and explicit learning of languages", pp.79~114 (1994), Academic Press
  24. Ellis, R., "Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27(2), pp.141~172 (2005)
  25. Ellis, R., "Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language learning, testing and teaching", pp.3~26 (2009), Multilingual Matters
  26. Ellis, R., "Confirming the operational definitions of explicit and implicit knowledge in Ellis (2005): Responding to Isemonger", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29(1), pp.119~126 (2007)
  27. Ellis, R., "Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28(2), pp.339~368 (2006)
  28. Field, A., "Discovering statistics using SPSS" (2010), Sage
  29. Gass, S., "The development of L2 intuitions", TESOL Quarterly, 17(2), pp.273~291 (1983)
  30. Godfroid, A., "Timed and untimed grammaticality judgments measure distinct types of knowledge: Evidence from eye-movement patterns", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37(2), pp.269~297 (2015)
  31. Goss, N., "Research methodology in second language acquisition", pp.263~286 (1994), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  32. Gutiérrez, X., "Implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and achievement in second language (L2) spanish", Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), pp.20~41 (2012)
  33. Gutiérrez, X., "The construct validity of grammaticality judgment tests as measures of implicit and explicit knowledge", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 35(3), pp.1~27 (2013)
  34. Han, Y., "Grammaticality judgment tests: How reliable and valid are they?", Applied Language Learning, 11(1), pp.177~204 (2000)
  35. Hedgcock, J., "Well-formed vs. ill-formed strings in L2 metalingual tasks: Specifying features of grammaticality judgements", Second Language Research, 9(1), pp.1~21 (1993)
  36. Hulstijn, J., "Grammatical errors as a function of processing constraints and explicit knowledge", Language Learning, 34(1), pp.23~43 (1984)
  37. Kim, J., "Measures of implicit knowledge revisited : Processing modes, time pressure, and modality", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 39(3), pp.431~457 (2017)
  38. Kondo–Brown, K., "Differences in language skills : Heritage language learner subgroups and foreign language learners", Modern Language Journal, 89(4), pp.563~581 (2005)
  39. Lee-Ellis, S., "The development and validation of a korean C-test using rasch analysis", Language Testing, 26(2), pp.245~274 (2009)
  40. Leow, R. P., "Implicit learning and explicit learning of languages", pp.47~67 (2015), John Benjamins
  41. Ling, X., "Fluency expresses implicit knowledge of tonal symmetry", Frontiers in Psychology, 7(57), pp.1~12 (2016)
  42. Loewen, S., "Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language learning, testing and teaching", pp.94~112 (2009), Multilingual Matters
  43. Mandell, P. B., "On the reliability of grammaticality judgement tests in second language acquisition research", Second Language Research, 15(1), pp.73~100 (1999)
  44. Masny, D., "Language, cognition, and second language grammaticality judgments", Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 14(2), pp.175~197 (1985)
  45. Munnich, E., "Research Methodology in Second-Language Acquisition", pp.227~243 (1994), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  46. Perruchet, P., "Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: Evidence against dissociation", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18(4), pp.785~800 (1992)
  47. Rebuschat, P., "Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge in second language research", Language Learning, 63(3), pp.595~626 (2013)
  48. Rebuschat, P., "Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language acquisition", Applied Psycholinguistics, 33(4), pp.829~856 (2012)
  49. Rogers, J., "Implicit and explicit knowledge of inflectional morphology", Applied Psycholinguistics, 37(4), pp.781~812 (2016)
  50. Runger, D., "Defining consciousness in the context of incidental sequence learning : Theoretical considerations and empirical implications", Psychological Research, 74(2), pp.121~137 (2009)
  51. Schmidtke, V., "Task integration as a factor in secondary-task effects on sequence learning", Psychological Research, 60(1-2), pp.53~71 (1997)
  52. Schütze, C. T., "The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology" (1996), University of Chicago Press
  53. Shanks, D. R., "Effects of a secondary task on" implicit" sequence learning: Learning or performance?", Psychological Research, 66(2), pp.99~109 (2002)
  54. Sharwood-Smith, M., "Consciousness-raising and the second language learner", Applied Linguistics, 2(2), pp.159~168 (1981)
  55. Shiu, L., "Exploring second language learners’ grammaticality judgment performance in relation to task design features", System, 72, pp.215~225 (2018)
  56. Sorace, A., "Metalinguistic knowledge and language use in acquisition-poor environments", Applied Linguistics, 6(3), pp.239~254 (1985)
  57. Tremblay, A., "Theoretical and methodological perspectives on the use of grammaticality judgment tasks in linguistic theory", Second Language Studies, 24(1), pp.129~167 (2005)
  58. Tunney, R. J., "Subjective measures of awareness and implicit cognition", Memory and Cognition, 31(7), pp.1060~1071 (2003)
  59. Williams, J. N., "The new handbook of second language acquisition", pp.319~353 (2009), Emerald Group

관련 논문AI추천

이중과제를 사용한 한국어 학습자의 암시적 지식 측정이은하언어연구교육원 한국어학당 · 외국어로서의 한국어교육2020 · 제58권 제2 언어 명시적, 암시적 문법지식과자가평가와의 관련성이준규언어정보연구소 · 언어와 정보 사회2017 · 제32권 한국어 학습자의 문법 지식 측정을 위한 문법성 판단 테스트 개발의 쟁점과 과제김호정국어교육학회(since1969) · 국어교육연구2018 · 제41호L2 English Knowledge: Implicit, Explicit, or Automatized? The Role of Structure DifficultyHamideh Marefat, Hossein Karami, Sepideh Mehraein아시아테플 · Journal of Asia TEFL2022 · 제19권 제1호The Effect of L2 Grammar Teaching Incorporating Implicit L1 Knowledge on Explicit and Implicit L2 Knowledge윤상돈, 임병빈, 한창훈한국현대언어학회 · 언어연구2013 · 제29권 제3호Validating a Word Monitoring Task as a Measure of Implicit Knowledge안지은외국어교육연구소 · 외국어교육연구2021 · 제35권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (9건)

한국어 중급 문법 도입 담화에 나타난 상호작용 분석 연구 -스캐폴딩을 중심으로-노미연, 정은주pp. 1-29한국어교육 학술텍스트의 인용 동사 연구 -I-M-R-D 구조의 학술 논문을 중심으로-박수연pp. 31-58L3 능숙도에 따른 심리적 언어거리 인식박혜정pp. 59-94The role of VOT and f0 in production of Korean word-initial stops by non-native learners of the Korean language김상우, 이석재, 송유진pp. 95-114한국어교육 학습자 연구의 경향과 전망 -학습자의 인지적 정의적 요인을 중심으로원미진pp. 115-148
원문 보기