김혜순 시에 나타난 생태학적 동일성 : `나무' 표상을 중심으로 하여

Abstract

This research analyzes Kim Hye-Soon's literary works as feminism poetries and physical poetics from an ecological perspective, especially from a perspective of eco-feminism and deep ecology. It argues that subjects of the poetries restore a world of feminine poetic root by re-establishing ecological identity of subjects who are fragmented by masculine modern violence, war and patriarchal oppression. This paper also advocates that Kim's poetries intend to change contemporary men's goods-tendency life into ecological life. This study shares the same perspective with eco-feminism and deep ecology for especially focusing on ecological unconsciousness which is still kept by the subjects even though internal fragmentation of subjects, destruction of the environment, and missing ecological sense found in poetries of Kim Hye-Soon as feminism poetries. This research is also in line with Kim Hye-Soon's point of view that it would resist ecologically against oppression and violence of a male dominated order over female subjects. An integument, the subjects of Kim Hye-Soon's works, forms a machine integument among products of a modern industrial society. This machine integument prevents both identifying internal subjects with the outer world existences such as human beings, nature, and the cosmic world and taking care of these existences. However Kim plants a tree in the machine integument. A tree, she accepts and plants, is an ecological and environmental friendly feminine subject as psyche which is able to feel sympathy and pity for the outer existences. The representation of tree, planted in psyche, is a heart of the mythology regardless of the east and west. This is also an essential symbol in the process of restoration of ecological identity. In other words, the core concept for ecological identity as anti-modernism is the tree in Kim Hye-Soon's poetries. The tree ecologically represents vitality and care and, therefore, it is a place of ecological identity which still remains and, at the same time, is found in ecological unconsciousness of females. This study insists that Kim protects subjectivity of her own and the others' from male dominated violence and oppression, destructive actions of machine civilization to people and environment and, at once, goes on ecological feminine identity process, which preserves the ecological place. Therefore, this research verifies what she does in detail in the text of her poetries. Kim's pieces of work regards machine civilization, mentioned above, such as automobiles, a window of automobiles, an incubator and such as apartment as an integument, which is consisted of a human body. Poetries of Kim Hye-Soon mixes shamanism and ecological feminism with conditions of modern life in which people accept capitalism and consumption desire provoked by capitalism and unquestioning and blind subjectivity against modern as a new psyche in deep unconsciousness. These shows mythos of winter which satirically and ironically criticizes a situation in which ecological identifying of modern people cannot be realized. Kim focuses on psyche, the tree, of other subjects as an alternative way for reality. A lady turns into a tree. Another tree is identified with womb of a woman. By doing so, poetic subjects have a practical possibility to do the ecological identifying process. There are some other poetries, recognizing realities which never reaches up to the expectation, showing that Kim has never been sunk in romanticism. The tree-psyche appositively recognizes the tree as female based on the perspective of the eco-feminism. Moreover, it is related to deep ecology that recalls an ecological sense of place which has been lay in human being's subconscious. A tree soaks up and provides water to make the world be flooded. The floods in Kim Hye-Soon's works bring the end of the world, insinuating the Deluge in Christianity. However, the floods rather are sympathy, cure and tear which recreates ecological sense of place than bring an eternal end. Thus her works are just ecological to overcome the hopeless crisis, with feminine identity made up by a tree. Furthermore, Kim's poets themselves are the alternatives, trying to treat disease of modern life and to recall the old ecological sense for contemporary men by making the subjects of her poetries be a tree or a place of ecology.