공연예술 기업의 지적 자본, 기업가적 지향성과 기업 성과의 관계
Intellectual Capital and Business Performance in the Cultural and Creative Industries : Exploring the Moderating Effect of the Entrepreneurial Orientation
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1990년대부터 우리나라는 선진국의 추세에 맞춰 지적 자본의 경제 및 사회적 역할을 강조한 지식 기반 사회로 전환을 꾀하고 있다. 창조 경제는 국가나 사회가 부의 창출을 지적 노동, 무형재, 개인의 창의적 역량 등을 중요한 투입 자원으로 여기는 것을 의미하며, 이는 결과적으로 국가와 사회의 경제적 구성원인 개인과 기업의 지적 자본 축적과 활용을 성과 향상을 위한 중요한 정책 대상으로 삼는 원인이 되게 한다. 그동안 각 분야마다 지적 자본이 기업 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구되어왔다. 그러나 그 성과는 반드시 보장되는 것은 아니며, 기업가적 지향성 여부에 따라 달리 나타날 수 있다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 창조산업, 특히 공연예술산업에서 지적 자본이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향과 더불어 성과를 현실화하는 주체로서 기업가적 지향성이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 연구 결과 공연예술 단체가 지적 자본을 많이 보유할수록, 그리고 기업가적 지향성이 높을수록 성과와 미래 성장에 대한 기대에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 공연예술 단체가 보유한 지적 자본은 기업가적 지향성이 더해질 때 업체의 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 공연예술 기업들의 절대적 수의 부족으로 인한 적은 표본 사이즈와 기업들의 영세성으로 말미암아 재무적 정보를 확보하기 어렵다는 점이 한계점으로 지적될 수 있다. 공연예술 분야의 특성을 좀 더 심도 있게 파악하기 위해서는 일반 제조 및 중소 벤처기업들과의 비교 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
With the rise of the “creative economy”, which is one principally driven by information and knowledge, enterprise value and national economic performance are attributed to the increased prominence of intellectual capital as a crucial economic input, including intellectual skills, intangible assets and an individual’s creative capacity. There is a significant body of research suggesting that intellectual capital is associated with improved outcomes in organizations across a wide variety of industrial sectors. However, it is argued that the performance could be dependent upon the entrepreneurial orientation of business people in creative industries, which is judged as an important knowledge-based field. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of both intellectual capital and the entrepreneurial orientation of the Korean performing arts enterprises with regards to their performance. This study used regression analysis on data collected from performing arts organizations in Korea. There are two main findings of this study: (1) more intellectual capital for performing arts organizations leads to increases in their levels of performance; (2) intellectual capital, when coupled with the entrepreneurial orientation of cultural entrepreneurs, leads to additional increases in performance.
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