메리 셸리의 『프랑켄슈타인』: 생태비평적으로 읽기
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: An Ecological Reading
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이 논문은 생태비평적 관점에서 『프랑켄슈타인』을 읽는 것을 목적으로 한다. 『프랑켄슈타인』이 당시 날씨와 어떻게 관련이 있는지, 그리고 그 소설이 어떻게 당대의 자연 인식을 드러내는지 살펴본다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 당시의 다양한 문서와 셸리의 글들이 1816년의 여름 날씨를 어떻게 기록하는지 조명한다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 프랑켄슈타인과 로버트 월턴의 서사에 집중해 『프랑켄슈타인』이 당시의 기후 변화를 어떻게 재현하는지 조사한다. 1816년에 시작된 기후 변화는 1815년 인도네시아 탐보라 화산 폭발로 인해 발생했다. 셸리의 글들은 개인적 자아, 인간 공동체, 자연의 물질적 세계가 하나의 몸으로 얽혀 있다고 제안한다. 프랑켄슈타인과 월턴의 서사는 모두 날씨를 자연을 지배하려는 인간의 욕망을 반영하는 거울로 제시한다. 『프랑켄슈타인』의 날씨는 우리가 자연 세계에 너무 깊이 새겼거나 과도하게 요구한 우리 자신의 결정을 반성하게 한다. 이 소설은 당시의 기후 변화에 대한 심오한 자각에서 탄생한 자식이다.
Abstract
This paper aims to read Frankenstein from an ecocritical perspective. It examines how Frankenstein relates to the weather of the day and thereby how the novel reveals the contemporary perception of nature. To this end, this paper illuminates how both various documents of the time and Shelley’s writings record the weather in the summer of 1816. This paper, finally, investigates how Frankenstein represents the climate change of the day by paying much attention to the narratives of Frankenstein and Robert Walton. The climate change that began in 1816 results from the eruption of Tambora in Indonesia in 1815. Shelley’s writings suggest that the individual self, the human community, and the material world of nature are intertwined as one body. Both Frankenstein's and Walton's narratives show the weather as a mirror that reflects the human desire to dominate nature. Frankenstein’s weather makes us reflect on our own decisions that we have too deeply engraved or excessively demanded from the natural world. The novel is a child born of the awareness of climate change in its time.
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