비즈니스에서의 블록체인 활용 연구
Applications of Blockchain in Business
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초록
블록체인은 복잡한 절차를 간소화해 시간과 비용을 절감하면서도 신뢰성과 투명성을 높일 수 있는 분산 원장 기술이다. 여러 주체가 단계마다 정부나 은행, 법률가 등을 통해 장부나 서류의 진위를 검증해야 하는 금융서비스, 무역 및 유통에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 산업 성숙도가 낮고 법적 사회적 불확실성이 높아 도입에 따른 리스크도 크다. 본 연구는 경영자 또는 개발자들이 블록체인 도입 시 참고할 수 있도록 비즈니스 업종별로 블록체인 활용에서 중점을 두어야 할 핵심기능이 무엇인지, 어떤 블록체인 모델이 적합한지, 대표적 활용 사례는 무엇인지를 검토한다. 블록체인의 핵심기능을 탈중앙성, 투명성, 스마트 계약, 속도로 구분하고, 금융 분야 4가지 업종(결제․송금, 투자, 무역, 대출)과 비금융분야 4가지 업종(신원관리, 물류․유통, IoT, 게임․SNS)에 대하여 각 기능의 중요도를 레벨 1에서 레벨 4로 분류해 비교한다.
Abstract
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology simplifying complex procedures and saving time and cost, while increasing reliability and transparency. Recently it has been attracting a lot of attention in trade and distribution, where multiple entities need to verify the authenticity of books or documents through government, banks, and lawyers at each stage. However, due to the low level of industrial maturity and the legal and social uncertainty, adopting blockchain technology is considered to be risky. This study investigates in eight business sectors which key features of blockchains to focus on, which blockchain model is appropriate and what are typical use cases. First we classify the utility of blockchains into four key features: decentralization, transparency, smart contract and speed, and divide the degree of importance of each key feature from Level 1 to Level 4. We then review the characteristics of services in four areas of financial sector: payment․remittance, investment, trade, loan, and in four areas of non-financial sector: identity management, logistics․distribution, IoT, game․SNS. According to those characteristics, key features of blockchains to be focused on and appropriate blockchain models are proposed. The most representative projects are also introduced. The result of this study will provide a reference-guide for managers or developers who are interested in developing blockchain-based services.
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