블록체인이 초래한 금융산업의 혁신과 규제의 필요성
The need for innovation and regulation in the financial industry caused by the blockchain
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초록
블록체인은 분산형 정보처리를 포함한 기록 기술의 일종이며, 기존의 중앙 관리형 시스템에 비하여 견고성, 높은 보안, 실시간 처리, 계약의 자동 처리, 저비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 결제, 송금, 자산거래 등 금융산업의 여러 분야에서 블록체인의 응용이 실현되고 있으며, 실제로 대형 금융기관이 개별 시스템 개발과 컨소시엄을 통해서 기술 검증을 실시하고 있다. 이 기술을 보급하기 위해서는 법 제도 등의 과제가 있지만, 장점의 크기를 감안한다면 장애를 고려한다 하더라도, 블록체인 업체는 향후 금융산업에 지대한 영향을 줄 수 있다고 생각된다. 금융과 IT가 융합된 FinTech에 의한 결제, 송금, 대출, 자산운용이라고 하는 폭넓은 분야에서 새로운 금융 서비스가 창출되고 있다. FinTech 중에서도 금융산업 전체를 지탱하는 금융거래 인프라에 대해서 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 것이 블록체인이다. 세계의 대형 금융기관과 IT기업이 금융산업에 걸치는 다방면의 분야에서 블록체인 활용 가능성을 살피고 있으며 그 동향에 주목하고자 한다. 본고에서는 블록체인의 구조와 장점을 정리한 뒤, 블록체인이 활용될 수 있는 금융산업 분야와 그 구체적 사례를 소개하고 블록체인이 금융산업에 어떤 영향을 미칠지 정리하기로 한다.
Abstract
Block-chain is a kind of recording technology including distributed information processing, and has advantages such as robustness, high security, real-time processing, automatic processing of contract, and low cost compared with existing central management type system. The application of block-chains has been realized in various fields of the financial industry such as payment and settlement, remittance, and asset trading. In fact, large financial institutions are conducting technology verification through individual system development and consortium. However, considering the size of the advantages, it is thought that the block-chain companies will have a great influence on the financial industry in the future, even if they consider the obstacles. New financial services are being created in a wide range of fields such as payment and settlement, remittance, loan, and asset management by FinTech, which is a fusion of finance and IT. Among FinTech, it is the block-chain that can have a big impact on the financial transaction infrastructure that supports the entire financial industry. Large financial institutions and IT companies around the world are looking into the possibilities of using block-chains in various fields across the financial industry. In this paper, I will summarize the structure and merits of the block-chain, then introduce the financial industry field where the block-chain can be used and its specific case, and discuss how the block chain will affect the financial industry.
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