대학생의 약·강 AI 인식 집단 간의 차이 분석: 개인적, 심리적, 윤리적 쟁점을 중심으로
A Study on the Group Differences Between Weak and Strong AI Perceptions Among University Students over Personal, Psychological and Ethical Issues
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본 논문은 대학생의 약·강 AI 인식에 따른 개인적, 심리적, 윤리적 변인들에 대한 차이를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 서울, 부산, 경남 소재 3개의 4년제 대학에서 표집된 349명의 대학생(여학생 60.2%, 자연/이공계=71.6%, 강 AI 인식=58.2%)이었으며 자료는 온라인 설문을 통해 수집되었다. 자료 분석은 두 집단 차이 검증을 위하여 spss 21.0 버전을 활용하여 t 검증, 교차분석, 빈도분석을 활용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인적 변인 가운데 성별, 계열별, 사전 경험과 지식 변인에 대해서는 약 AI와 강 AI 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리적 변인 가운데 AI에 대한 부정적 태도, 불안감, 비관적, 낙관적 변인은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 즉, 약 AI 집단이 강 AI 집단에 비해 AI에 대해 더 부정적이고, 더 불안감을 느끼며, 더 비관적이고, 덜 낙관적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, AI 기술의 유용성과 용이성에 대한 인식에 대해서는 두 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, AI 윤리교육에 대해서는 강 AI 집단이 더 필요하다고 응답하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, AI 윤리 적용 분야에 대해서는 12개 응용 영역 가운데 두 집단이 모두 서비스(1위)와 교통(3위) 분야를 높은 순위로 꼽았고, 번역과 의료 분야도 각 집단에서 두 번째 순위를 차지했다. 여섯째, AI 윤리 실천의 주체에 관해서는 자율주행차량, 의료서비스, 교육, 노인돌봄, 군사로봇/AI 영역에서 두 집단 모두 개발자에게 강한 책임을 부여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 제조사, 서비스 공급자, 사용자에 대한 윤리적 요구는 각 영역에 따라 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 개인의 AI에 대한 인식은 심리적 변인과는 관련이 있지만 이 기술의 수용 여부와는 직접적으로 연결되지 않음을 시사한다. 또한 본 연구는 AI 윤리에 관해서는 AI 응용 영역과 이해당사자별로 서로 다른 책임감의 무게가 부여된다는 점을 실증적으로 보여준다.
Abstract
This study analyzed group differences between weak and strong AI perceptions over personal and psychological variables and ethical issues. The research participants were 349 university students (female=60.2%, natural science/engineering major=71.6%, strong AI group=58.2%) recruited from three 4-year universities located in the city of Seoul, Busan, and Kyung-nam province. The survey was administered online; and collected data were analyzed via spss version 21.0 using t-test, cross-tab and frequency analyses. The results of the data analysis are summarized as following. First, no statistical differences were found out between the two groups in the variables of sex, major, experience and knowledge of AI. Second, psychological variables such as negative attitude towards AI, anxiety, pessimistic and optimistic scores proved to make a difference between the two groups. Weak AI groups were more negative, anxious, pessimistic and less optimistic towards AI than strong AI groups. Third, no difference was observed in their perceptions of usefulness and easiness of AI technology. Fourth, perceived need for AI ethics education is higher in strong AI groups than weak AI groups. Fifth, among the 12 application areas of AI, both groups ranked high in service (1st) and transportation (3rd) sectors along with translation and medical fields ranked second in each group. Sixth, regarding the subject of AI ethics, both groups gave developers strong responsibilities in the areas of self-driving car, medical services, education, elderly care, and military robots/AI. In addition, the degree of ethical requirements for manufacturers, service providers, and users were found to vary in each areas. The results of this study suggest that an individual's perception of AI has to do with psychological variables, but not directly related to the acceptance of AI technology. Regarding AI ethics, this study revealed that different weights of responsibility are given to differing AI applications and stakeholders.
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