최근 창의성 측정에 대한 논쟁과 발전방향
The recent argument and developmental direction of the assessment in creativity
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이 연구는 창의성의 측정에 대한 지난 50여 년 동안의 연구경향을 살펴보고, 최근 연구자들 간에 논쟁이 가열되고 있는 창의성의 측정에 대한 쟁점과 논박을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 통하여 창의성 측정에 대한 발전방향을 모색하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 지난 50여 년 동안 창의성 측정에 있어서 확산적 사고의 변인인 유창성, 독창성, 정교성 등을 측정하고자 하는 통계적 희귀성에 의한 객관적 측정방법이 주류적 위치를 점하고 있었다. 그러나 최근에 확산적 사고와 같은 아이디어 보다는 창의적 사고과정의 결과인 산출물을 해당 영역의 전문가 집단에 의해 측정하는 주관적 방법이 오히려 더 타당하다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 그러나 현재 이러한 논쟁에 대한 일치된 결과는 아직 나타나지 않고 있다. 이러한 논쟁에 기초하여 창의성 측정의 발전방향으로서 첫째, 창의성 측정에 대한 양분법적인 논쟁보다는 상호보완적인 측정이 대안으로 제시하였다. 둘째, 우리나라의 문화에 맞는 표준화된 측정도구의 개발이 있어야겠다. 마지막으로 창의성 측정도구의 문항이 개방형 혹은 폐쇄형 문제로 구성되어야 할 것인지는 더욱 연구되어야 할 연구과제이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the study of the assessment in creativity study for 5 decades, and to inquire into argument and dispute of assessment in creativity for 2 decades. Based on these review, the developmental direction is suggested. That, the creativity has been defined as the variables of divergent thinking, recognized as fluency, originality, elaboration etc., for 5 decades, and to be measured objectively by statistical infrequency of responses. We called it objectively assessment in creativity. However, it has been suggested that the assessment of creativity had more validity than the variables of divergent thinking, and measured subjectively by domain experts. This argument was continued lately. Based on the result of this argument, firstly, the assessment of creativity is suggested the complementarity assessment, instead of differentiation between objectively assessment and subjectively assessment in creativity. Secondly, the standardized tests of is needed to apply in the Korean culture. Lastly, the items of creativity tests is needed to study between open-ended and closed items.
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