역기능적 재무행동 개선을 위한 집단프로그램 개발 및 효과 평가: 재무치료 접근
Development and Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Group Program for Improving Dysfunctional Financial Behaviors: Financial Therapy Approach
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초록
본 연구는 재무치료 접근을 도입하여, 소비통제의 어려움으로 인해 재무문제를 겪고 있는 소비자들의 재무건강을 증진시키기 위한 4단계 재무치료 프로그램을 개발하고 효과를 평가하였다. 구체적으로, 프로그램 개발에 있어서 역기능적 사고를 수정하고 대처방안을 정립하는 데 적합한 방법을 제공하는 인지행동기법을 중심으로 해결중심 재무치료, 행동변화를 위한 범이론적 모델, 변증법적 행동치료를 차용하였다. 또한 집단기반 프로그램이 역기능적 재무행동 개선에 유의한 효과를 나타낸 점을 참고하여, 심리교육(psychoeducational) 집단 프로그램으로 구성하였다. 본 교육프로그램은 4단계, 총 6회기로 구성되었다. 1단계 ‘현재 이해하기’는 현재 자신의 재무건강에 대해 이해하고 변화에 대한 동기를 강화하기 위한 단계이다. 이 단계에서 프로그램에 대한 전체적인 안내를 받고 재무목표를 설정한다. 2단계인 ‘원인 찾아가기’는 2회기와 3회기로 이루어진다. 2회기에서는 인지행동치료 접근에 기초하여 돈에 대한 가치나 생각의 근원이 되는 어린 시절 경험을 탐색하고 자신의 돈에 대한 신념을 발견하며, 비합리적 자동적 사고에 대해 학습한다. 3회기에서는 합리적인 지출과 예산 교육을 받게 된다. 3단계 ‘대처행동 개발하기’ 는 4회기와 5회기를 포함한다. 4회기에서는 좀더 심화된 인지행동 접근의 내용을 포함하는데, 돈에 대한 핵심믿음을 찾고 자신의 신념을 평가, 수정해본다. 또한 TTM 행동변화단계에서 본인의 위치를 평가하고, 구매충동 대처전략을 발굴한다. 5회기에서는 돈과 관련된 감정을 이해하고 이에 대한 대처기술을 배우며, 신용과 부채관리에 대해서 배운다. 4단계 ‘재무건강 유지하기’는 지난 프로그램을 회고하면서 성취한 바를 장려하고, 프로그램 이후의 장애물과 어려움에 대비하기 위한 회기로 구성하였다. 프로그램 수행은 3명의 참여자를 대상으로 매주 1회 150분씩 4주간 총 15시간으로 실시되었으며, 양적, 질적 방법으로 그 효과가 검증되었다. 그 결과, 참여자들의 과소비행동과 돈에 대한 역기능적 신념, 재무불안이 감소되고 지출통제능력, 재무관리행동, 재무안전감, 재무자신감, 재무건강이 증가하는 효과를 나타내었다. 참여자 수가 적고 통제집단 비교를 하지 못한 점에서 연구의 제한점이 있으나, 한국에서 역기능적 재무행동을 개선하기 위해 재무치료를 접목한 최초의 프로그램으로서 잠재적인 효과성을 나타내었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a financial therapy program aimed at improving financial health for Korean consumers with overspending behavior and to evaluate its effectiveness. A group financial therapy program was designed to include both psychoeducation and financial literacy education and it consisted of 6 sessions of 4 steps. Specifically, Step 1: “Understanding the current state” was to understand participants’ current financial health and financial behavior and to increase their motivation for change. Step 2: “Finding the cause” consisted of two sessions: self-understanding through exploring family interactions and childhood experience regarding money and identification of problematic financial beliefs. Financial literacy education about cash flow management, budgeting, and savings was also provided in Step 2. Step 3: “Developing coping behaviors” included two sessions about modifying problematic financial beliefs and behaviors, finding out coping strategies to overcome over-spending behavior, and managing negative emotions related to money. Credit and debt management education were included in Step 3 as well. In Step 4: “Keeping financial health”, which was the last, participants were guided to figure out what they achieved from Step 1, 2, 3. and to identify potential obstacles and future strategies for continuing the behavioral change after the program. The program was conducted once a week for 4 weeks with 3 participants, and each session lasted 2.5 hours. To examine the effectiveness of the financial therapy program in terms of modifying dysfunctional financial beliefs and behaviors, and thereby financial health of the participants, both the quantitative and qualitative methods were used. As for the quantitative method, participants were hypothesized to report significant reductions of financial anxiety and dysfunctional financial beliefs, and significant increases of financial management, financial security, money skills confidence, and overall financial health. The results by paired sample t-tests showed that there were significant decreases in dysfunctional financial beliefs and financial anxiety, and increases in financial security, money skills confidence, financial management behavior, and thereby financial health. In the FGI, participants also reported that they have achieved positive results through the program and evaluated the effectiveness of the group program positively. Further research is needed, however, to validate these findings because of the small sample size and a lack of a control group.
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