아동학대행위자 및 학대피해아동 유형화 및 관계에 대한 연구- 잠재계층분석을 적용하여-
Profiles of Child Maltreatment Perpetrators and Maltreated Children - A Latent Class Analysis -
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본 연구는 아동학대행위자 및 학대피해아동 특성에 따라 유형화하고 학대재발생 및 유형 간관계를 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리나라 국가아동학대정보시스템에 기록된 2012년- 2016년 간 학대사례 26,605건을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 학대행위자는 ‘양육문제’ 집단(40.2%), ‘양육문제+스트레스+가정폭력’ 집단(15.6%), ‘가정폭력’ 집단(22.7%), ‘낮은 위험요인’ 집단(21.5%)과 같이 4개 집단으로 구분되었다. 학대피해아동은 ‘낮은 문제행동’ 집단(74.3%), ‘외현화 문제’ 집단(8.1%), ‘내재화 문제’ 집단(10.3%), ‘비행+학교부적응’ 집단(7.3%)으로 구분되었다. 이와 같이 구분된 학대행위자 및 학대피해아동 집단에 따라 학대 재발생 분포는 다르게 나타났다. 학대행위자가 복합적인 문제를 경험하고 있거나 학대피해아동이 외현화 문제가 있는 경우 학대 재발생 가능성이 높았다. 한편, 학대행위자가 ‘양육문제’ 집단이나 ‘양육문제+스트레스+ 가정폭력’ 집단에 속해 있는 경우 학대피해아동은 ‘내재화 문제’, ‘외현화 문제’ 집단으로 분류될 가능성이 높았다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 근거로 하여 아동보호서비스에 대한 실천적 제안을 하였다.
Abstract
This study examined the characteristics and profiles of child maltreatment perpetrators and maltreated children who were reported from 2012 to 2016 in the National Child Maltreatment Information System. The number of cases studied was 26,605. Latent class analysis was applied in order to identify distinct abusive parents and maltreated children. The results showed four heterogeneous latent classes of child maltreatment perpetrators: “parenting problems group”(40.2%), “parenting problems+stress+domestic violence group”(15.6%), “domestic violence group”(22.7%), and “low level of risk group”(21.5%). There were four distinct classes of maltreated children: “low level of risk factors group”(74.3%), “external problem group”(8.1%), “internal problem group”(10.3%), and “delinquency+schoolmaladjustment”(7.3%). The distribution of recurrence of child maltreatment was different depending on the latent classes of child maltreatment perpetrators and maltreated children. If a child maltreatment perpetrator had multiple problems or a child suffering from external problems, the likelihood of recurrence of child abuse and neglect was high. Meanwhile, if a child maltreater belonged to a parenting problem or parenting problems+stress+domestic violence group, the maltreated child was more likely to be classified in an internal or external problem group. Based on the results of this study, a practical proposal for child protection services was made.
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