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고대 메소포타미아의 성창제도

Scared Prostitution in Ancient Mesopotamia

강승일
한국서양고대역사문화학회 (THE KOREAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE WESTERN ANCIENT HISTORY AND CULTURE)|2009.12|서양고대사연구 (The Journal of Classical Studies)|제25호|pp. 7-36|DOI 10.20975/jcskor.2009..25.7

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참고문헌

키워드

헤로도토스(Herodotus)성창제도(sacred prostitution)메소포타미아(Mesopotamia)거룩한 혼인예식(sacred marriage)케제르투(the Kezertu)
주제분류역사학

초록

The scholars of a previous generation universally assumed that cultic prostitution was a common practice in the ancient Near East. However, more recent studies have raised serious doubts about the presence of such an institution, especially in ancient Israel and Mesopotamia, and much ink has been spilled on this subject. This essay discusses some texts that may shed positive light on the existence of Mesopotamian practice of sacred prostitution. The texts cited in this study are only a small collection of instances where both sexual and cultic aspects are in contact. These examples indicate that some women belonging to the temple, and sometimes lay women, too, were actually engaged in prostitution in the service of the temple cult. Various types of female cultic personnel and their function constitute the main part of the discussion. Of these cultic personnel, the kezertu women appear to be the strongest candidate for the cultic prostitutes. As for the raison d'etre for such practice, we may be able to find the ideological background for sacred prostitution in the Mesopotamian sacred marriage. The ritual intercourse performed in this custom, whether physically or symbolically, may have provided a religious justification for the sexual relations of the cultic personnel within the temple precincts. The original characteristics and significance of sympathetic magic may have been reduced and given way to the financial need of the temple economy.

Abstract

The scholars of a previous generation universally assumed that cultic prostitution was a common practice in the ancient Near East. However, more recent studies have raised serious doubts about the presence of such an institution, especially in ancient Israel and Mesopotamia, and much ink has been spilled on this subject. This essay discusses some texts that may shed positive light on the existence of Mesopotamian practice of sacred prostitution. The texts cited in this study are only a small collection of instances where both sexual and cultic aspects are in contact. These examples indicate that some women belonging to the temple, and sometimes lay women, too, were actually engaged in prostitution in the service of the temple cult. Various types of female cultic personnel and their function constitute the main part of the discussion. Of these cultic personnel, the kezertu women appear to be the strongest candidate for the cultic prostitutes. As for the raison d'etre for such practice, we may be able to find the ideological background for sacred prostitution in the Mesopotamian sacred marriage. The ritual intercourse performed in this custom, whether physically or symbolically, may have provided a religious justification for the sexual relations of the cultic personnel within the temple precincts. The original characteristics and significance of sympathetic magic may have been reduced and given way to the financial need of the temple economy.

참고문헌 (47)

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