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로마제정 초기의 황제숭배

Emperor Worship in the Early Roman Empire

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한국서양고대역사문화학회 (THE KOREAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE WESTERN ANCIENT HISTORY AND CULTURE)|2009.12|서양고대사연구 (The Journal of Classical Studies)|제25호|pp. 217-250|DOI 10.20975/jcskor.2009..25.217

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참고문헌

키워드

속주(Province)황제숭배(Emperor worship)로마제국(Roman empire)로마화(Romanization)통합(Integration)
주제분류역사학

초록

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process in which emperor worship was established in provincial societies in the Roman empire through the communication between the centre and provincials. In 29 B.C. the embassy dispatched by the koina of Asia and Bithynia asked Augustus for permission to found imperial cult in their provinces. Augustus allowed non- Romans in the two provinces to worship himself with the goddess Roma, while requiring Roman citizens to dedicate a shrine to Divus Julius. This event was the first example in which imperial cult was established through the communication between the centre and provinces. Emperor worship was an important medium for Augustus and his successors in ruling the conquered. However, imperial cult was not simply imposed over its subjects by the central government. The development of imperial cult was rather a two-way dialogue between the imperial government and its subjects. When provincial population encountered emperor worship, it is clear that they did not merely accept it, but assimilated it into their local practices, depending on their own needs as well as previous experiences and customs. Therefore, I shall investigate what role and function imperial cult played within the civic life of provincial communities and in the ‘romanization’ of provincial population. Religious rituals, buildings, festivals and symbols related to imperial cult became an integral part of civic life in Roman cities and reminded local population of the power of the emperor and his rule over them. At the same time, through communal sacrifices and festivals dedicated to emperor worship, provincials created and maintained their common identity as ‘Roman’, regardless of whatever culture or class they originally came from. Priests and priestesses of imperial cult played a significant role in the urbanization of provincial communities across the empire. Furthermore, various privileges attached to the imperial priesthood offered wealthy provincials an opportunity to promote themselves into the ruling class of the empire and consolidate their superior status within the local population. In these ways, emperor worship helped provincial population integrate into the imperial framework.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process in which emperor worship was established in provincial societies in the Roman empire through the communication between the centre and provincials. In 29 B.C. the embassy dispatched by the koina of Asia and Bithynia asked Augustus for permission to found imperial cult in their provinces. Augustus allowed non- Romans in the two provinces to worship himself with the goddess Roma, while requiring Roman citizens to dedicate a shrine to Divus Julius. This event was the first example in which imperial cult was established through the communication between the centre and provinces. Emperor worship was an important medium for Augustus and his successors in ruling the conquered. However, imperial cult was not simply imposed over its subjects by the central government. The development of imperial cult was rather a two-way dialogue between the imperial government and its subjects. When provincial population encountered emperor worship, it is clear that they did not merely accept it, but assimilated it into their local practices, depending on their own needs as well as previous experiences and customs. Therefore, I shall investigate what role and function imperial cult played within the civic life of provincial communities and in the ‘romanization’ of provincial population. Religious rituals, buildings, festivals and symbols related to imperial cult became an integral part of civic life in Roman cities and reminded local population of the power of the emperor and his rule over them. At the same time, through communal sacrifices and festivals dedicated to emperor worship, provincials created and maintained their common identity as ‘Roman’, regardless of whatever culture or class they originally came from. Priests and priestesses of imperial cult played a significant role in the urbanization of provincial communities across the empire. Furthermore, various privileges attached to the imperial priesthood offered wealthy provincials an opportunity to promote themselves into the ruling class of the empire and consolidate their superior status within the local population. In these ways, emperor worship helped provincial population integrate into the imperial framework.

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