인적 네트워크에서 경험하는 정치적 이견(異見)이 정치 참여에 미치는 영향: 2014년 미국 중간선거와 2017년 한국 조기대선 비교 연구
The Impact of Political Disagreements within Heterogeneous Social Networks on Political Participation: Comparing the Case of 2014 Midterm Elections in the U.S. and of 2017 Presidential Election in South Korea
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본 연구는 현재 SNS 등이 정치 커뮤니케이션 및 행동에 큰 변화를 가져왔을 것으로 보고, 유권자들이 경험하는 정치 토론과 견해 차이가 미치는 영향에 주목하였다. 구체적으로 2014년 미국 중간선거의 정치 커뮤니케이션 및 참여 행태와 우리나라의 2017년 대통령 탄핵 및 조기 대선의 경우를 비교･분석함으로써 갈등이 참여로 이어지는 메커니즘을 이해하고자 하였다. 미국 표본의 경우 2015년 3월 아마존 MTurk에 의뢰한 온라인 설문조사에서 215명을, 한국 표본은 2017년 3월 마켓링크에의뢰한 온라인 설문조사로 300명을 수집했다. 두 표본 모두, 가족과의 면대면 대화에서 경험한정치적 이견이 유권자의 참여를 위축시킨 것으로 나타났으나, 친구들과의 정치적 견해차이는 정치 참여로 이어지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 한국 표본에서는 가족과 정치에관해 대화하는 것 자체가 정치 참여에 부정적인 영향을 끼친 반면, 미국의 경우, 가족과의 정치 커뮤니케이션 자체는 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타나 뚜렷한 문화적 차이를 보였다.
Abstract
This study predicts that SNS use might have changed political communication and behaviors, and focuses on the impact of political disagreements in this process. Comparing the case of the U.S. midterm elections of 2014 and of 2017 presidential election in South Korea, it aims to explore the mechanism of political disagreements leading to participation. For this study, 215 respondents were collected through Amazon's MTurk program (https://www.mturk.com) in March, 2015 for the U.S. sample while 300 were collected through Market Link's Survey Station program (www.marketlink.co.kr) for the Korean sample. Online survey was used for the both samples. In both samples, results show that face-to-face political disagreements with family members intimidated political participation whereas disagreements with friends led to participation. Especially, in Korean sample political talk with family itself had a negative impact on political participation, that was positive in the case of the U.S..
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