욥기에 나타난 베헤못의 정체성과 역할 (욥기 40:15-24)
Behemoth's Identity and Role in the Book of Job (Job 40:15-24)
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본 연구는 욥기에서 특별한 존재로 언급되는 베헤못의 정체성이 무엇이며 그 정체성에 비추어 베헤못이 욥기 40:15-24에서 어떤 역할을 하고 있는가를 고찰한다. 욥기 본문에서 베헤못은 허리, 배, 다리, 꼬리를 가지고 있으면서 강에서 주로 서식하는 동물처럼 묘사되고 있다. 구약성경의 히브리어 베헤못은 대부분 들짐승들을 의미하기에 욥기 본문의 베헤못을 강력한 힘을 가진 수중 생활을 하는 하마 혹은 물소 무리로 생각할 수도 있다. 그러나 욥기 본문에서 베헤못은 고유명사로 하나님이 창조한 피조물 중 으뜸가는 강력한 하나의 존재로 묘사되고 있다. 또한 베헤못에 대한 묘사는 문학적 과장법이 사용되었다고 하더라도 그에 부합하는 실재하는 동물을 찾기는 불가능하다. 베헤못에 대한 묘사는 실재하는 동물의 범주를 넘어서는 인간이 대적할 수 없는 존재이다. 베헤못은 하나님의 두 번째 응답에서 함께 언급되고 있는 신화적 리워야단과 함께 생각해 볼 때 하나님이 창조한 신화적 피조물로 이해해야 한다. 구약성서시대 이후 기록된 제2성전기 묵시문학에서도 베헤못은 신화적 존재로 보다 분명하게 나타난다(에스드라4서 6:49-52; 바룩2서 29:4; 에녹1서 60:7-9, 24). 베헤못은 구약성경의 신화적 존재들인 리워야단, 탄닌, 라합, 얌(바다) 등과 같이 태고적 전투와 혼돈의 상징성을 함의하고 있는 신화적 피조물로 이해할 수 있다. 욥기 본문에서 베헤못은 혼돈의 상징성을 함의하고 있음에도 하나님의 공의로운 창조 질서 가운데 부정적 의미로 사용되지 않고 있다. 하나님은 베헤못의 강력함을 오히려 경이롭게 언급하고 있으며 이를 통해 욥의 질문에 응답하고 있다. 욥기 본문에서 베헤못의 역할을 하나님의 견해에서 혼돈은 단순히 부정적인 것이 아닌 창조 질서와 조화 안에서 자신의 자리를 가지고 있다는 점을 통해 욥이 생각하고 있는 공의와 혼돈에 대해서 재고하기를 요청하는 것이다.
Abstract
This study examines the identity of Behemoth, which is mentioned as a special being in the book of Job, and what role Behemoth plays in Job 40:15-24 in light of that identity. In the book of Job, Behemoth has a waist, a belly, legs, and a tail, and is described as an animal that lives mainly in rivers. The Hebrew word behemoth in the Old Testament mostly means wild beasts, so behemoth in the text of Job can be thought of as a group of hippopotamuses or a group of water buffaloes, powerful animals that live a semi-aquatic life. However, in the text of Job, Behemoth is a proper noun and is described as one of the foremost and most powerful creatures created by God. In addition, it is impossible to find a real animal that corresponds to the description of Behemoth, even if literary exaggeration is used. The text of the Book of Job describes Behemoth as being beyond the realm of animals, and as being beyond human power. Behemoth should be understood as a mythical creature created by God when considered in connection with the mythical Leviathan mentioned together in God's second answer. In the apocalyptic literature of the Second Temple literature written after the Old Testament period, Behemoth appears more clearly as a mythical being. Behemoth can be understood as a mythical creature that implies a symbol of chaos, such as Leviathan, Tannin, Rahab, and Yam (sea), the mythical beings of the Old Testament. Although Behemoth implies a symbol of chaos, it is not used in a negative sense in God's righteous creation order. God speaks of the power of Behemoth in a rather marvelous way, and through this, he answers Job's question. The role of Behemoth in the Book of Behemoth in the text of Job calls for a reconsideration of justice and chaos in Job's thinking, through the fact that chaos from God's view is not simply negative, but has its place in the order of creation and harmony.
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