趙絅의 한시에 나타난 대청인식과 북벌의지

Abstract

Yong-Ju(龍洲) Jo Kyung (1586-1669), the first son of Jo Ik-Nam, was born in the administrative area of Heungdukdong, Sungkyobang in Hanyang. By the time Yong-Ju had reached the tender age of twenty, he had already gained recognition as a talented writer, winning praise from renowned figures such as Baek-Sa(白沙) Lee Hang-Bok and Oh-San(五山) Cha Cheon-Ro. In 1609 (the first year of Kwanghaekun's regime), Yong-Ju received tutelage under Weol-Jeong (月汀) Yoon Keun-Soo. In 1613 he passed the Samasi, the state exam for recruiting government officials, and entered Sungkyunkwan, the foremost educational institution of the Joseon Dynasty. However, he decided to forgo the chance to work in the government after witnessing the corruption of Kwanghaekun and the tyranny of Lee Ih-Cheom. In 1623 (the first year of King Injo’s rule), he ranked first in the Jeung kwang state examination, assuming government posts such as Jungun, Kyolee, and Jungrang. Moreover, in 1629 (the seventh year of King Injo), Yong-Ju entered a sabbatical period at Hodang, an educational facility for young government officials. Fourteen years later, he was dispatched to Japan as an envoy. From that point on, however, he declined the higher government posts suggested by the King such as Daesaheon, Daesaseong, and Daejehak, as well as that of Minister of Justice, Minister of Culture and Education, and Minister of the Interior. Furthermore, he rejected a post offered by the Bukin faction in the regime of Kwanghaekun, retiring instead to a hermitage in Geochang for nearly ten years until returning to the government as a new royal counselor after King Injo’s restoration to the throne. At the time, he garnered a reputation for his fierce criticism against the greed, tyranny, and power monopoly of vassals who had gained power through a coup. The range of Yong-Ju’s social exchange not only encompassed the pro-Namin scholars but also the pro-Seoin scholars. This extensive exchange can be attributed to the fact that he had been a pupil of Han-Gang(寒岡) Ku Jung, Mo-Gye(茅溪) Moon Wui, and Yoon Kun-Soo, who studied under Sa-Seo(沙西) Kim Sik. As can be seen from such relationships, it is apparent that Yong-Ju established himself as a distinguished political leader who led the Namin faction with Heo Mok. Judging by the above-mentioned chronological list, Yong-Ju could also be described as representative of the Sarim, a powerful literati faction, and as a civil servant who served in a wide range of crucial government posts in the middle Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, he was among the ranks of the leaders of the Namin faction, along with Go-San(孤山) Yoon Sun-Do, Mi-Soo(眉叟) Heo Mok, and Baek-Ho(白湖) Yoon Hyu. Given the extent of Yong-Ju’s contribution to the academic world, it is regrettable that a study of his life has yet to be conducted in earnest. Even research on his Chinese poetry has made very little progress. Yong-Ju would boldly leave government posts if they did not come in line with his view of the world and greater cause. Such decisions show that he was a truescholar of the era who chose justice over personal gain. Taking into account the fact that his poems were his first contribution to academia, this study briefly examines Yong-Ju’s life and reflects on his poetic world through domains divided by his consciousness as a writer. The study approaches Yong-Ju’s poetic world through the constructs of pure and noble principles, integrity, the enjoyment of nature, paradoxes in real life and Taoistic transcendentalism. Research of this kind is integral to an overall depiction of Chinese literature in the late Joseon Dynasty. This study also aims to become the starting point of future in-depth research on Yong-Ju’s life and literature.