공감의 신경생물학적 이해
Neurobiological Understanding of Empathy
1
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The ability to perceive, share and understand others’ emotional states plays a pivotal role in interpersonal relationship. Empathy in humans is built on basic mechanisms related to affective sharing, parental care, and attachment. Since empathy has deep neurobiological underpinnings, its developmental perspectives are better understood with reference to a neuroevolutionary perspective. In this paper, therefore, we overviewed empathy within a neuroevolutionary framework including phylogeny, ontogeny, and neurobiology. First, we defined empathy and explained the differences of its meaning from its related terms such as mimicry, emotional contagion, sympathy, or compassion. Next, we provided the evidence of empathy in mammals and addressed how empathy has evolved in the context of parental care in them. Then, we discussed how empathy develops from infancy to adulthood in human, and examined the relationship between it and attachment. Finally, we reviewed neuroimaging studies associated with empathy and elucidated its modulating factors such as context, interpersonal relationship, and personal characteristic. Considering empathy in a neuroevolutionary perspective will warrant a better and wider understanding of empathy.
Abstract
The ability to perceive, share and understand others’ emotional states plays a pivotal role in interpersonal relationship. Empathy in humans is built on basic mechanisms related to affective sharing, parental care, and attachment. Since empathy has deep neurobiological underpinnings, its developmental perspectives are better understood with reference to a neuroevolutionary perspective. In this paper, therefore, we overviewed empathy within a neuroevolutionary framework including phylogeny, ontogeny, and neurobiology. First, we defined empathy and explained the differences of its meaning from its related terms such as mimicry, emotional contagion, sympathy, or compassion. Next, we provided the evidence of empathy in mammals and addressed how empathy has evolved in the context of parental care in them. Then, we discussed how empathy develops from infancy to adulthood in human, and examined the relationship between it and attachment. Finally, we reviewed neuroimaging studies associated with empathy and elucidated its modulating factors such as context, interpersonal relationship, and personal characteristic. Considering empathy in a neuroevolutionary perspective will warrant a better and wider understanding of empathy.
참고문헌 (44)
- de Vignemont F, "The empathic brain: How, when and why?", Trends Cogn Sci, 10, pp.435~441 (2006)
- Singer T, "The social neuroscience of empathy", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1156, pp.81~96 (2009)
- Panksepp J, "Cross-species affective neuroscience decoding of the primal affective experiences of humans and related animals", PLoS One, 6, pp.e21236~ (2011)
- Decety J, "A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy", Prog Neurobiol, 98, pp.38~48 (2012)
- Decety J, "Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy", Dev Cogn Neurosci, 2, pp.1~24 (2012)
- Church RM, "Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others", J Comp Psychol, 52, pp.132~134 (1959)
- Langford DJ, "Social modulation of pain as evidence for empathy in mice", Science, 312, pp.1967~1970 (2006)
- Parr LA, "Cognitive and physiological markers of emotional awareness in chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)", Animal Cognition, 4, pp.223~229 (2001)
- Langford DJ, "Social approach to pain in laboratory mice", Social Neuroscience, 5, pp.163~170 (2010)
- Fraser ON, "Stress reduction through consolation chimpanzees", PNAS, 105, pp.8557~8562 (2008)
- Batson CD, "The Social Neuroscience of Empathy", pp.3~15 (2009), MIT press
- Numan M, "Neuroanatomical circuit for mammalian maternal behavior", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 807, pp.101~125 (1997)
- Panksepp J, "The archaeology of mind", pp.283~349 (2012), Norton
- Carter CS, "Neuroendocrine perspective on social attachment and love", Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, pp.779~818 (1998)
- Gammie SC, "Current models and future directions for understanding the neural circuitries of maternal behaviors in rodents", Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, 4, pp.119~135 (2005)
- Geangu E, "Contagious crying beyond the first days of life", Infant Behav Dev, 33, pp.279~288 (2010)
- Hoffman ML, "Emotions, cognition and behavior", pp.103~131 (1984), Cambridge University Pres
- Dondi M, "Can newborns discriminate between their own cry and the cry of another newborn infant?", Dev Psychol, 35, pp.418~426 (1999)
- Martin GB, "Distress crying in neonates: species and peer specifically", Dev Psychol, 18, pp.3~9 (1987)
- Field TM, "Discrimination and imitation of facial expressions by neonates", Science, 218, pp.179~181 (1982)
- Haviland JM, "The induced affect response:10-weekold infants’ response to three emotional expressions", Dev Psychol, 23, pp.97~104 (1987)
- Nichols SR, "The role of social understanding and empathic disposition in young children’s responsiveness to distress in parents and peers", Cogn Brain Behav, 13, pp.449~478 (2009)
- Svetlova M, "Toddlers’ prosocial behavior: from instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping", Child Dev, 81, pp.1814~1827 (2010)
- Eisenberg N, "The Social Neuroscience of Empathy", pp.71~83 (2009), MIT press
- Eisenberg N, "Handbook of child psychology", pp.701~778 (1998), John Wiley & Sons
- Cole PM, "Child development at the intersection of emotion and cognition, human brain development", pp.59~77 (2010), American Psychological Association
- Gamer PW, "The roles of behavioral adjustment and conceptions of peers and emotions in preschool children’s peer victimization", Dev Psychopathol, 19, pp.57~71 (2007)
- Sroufe LA, "Early relationship and the development of children", Infant Ment Health J, 21, pp.67~74 (2000)
- Weinfield NS, "Handbook of Attachment", pp.78~101 (2010), The Guilford Press
- Mikulincer M, "Attachment theory and reactions to others’ needs: evidence that activation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses", J Pers Soc Psychol, 81, pp.1205~1224 (2001)
- Brunett S, "Development during adolescence of the neural processing of social emotion", J Cogn Neurosci, 21, pp.1736~1750 (2009)
- 곽경화, "통증처리에 있어 대뇌피질의 역할: 기능성 영상 연구를 중심으로", 생물치료정신의학, 18(1), pp.25~34 (2012), 대한생물치료정신의학회[DOI]
- 김양태, "대인관계 신경생물학: 뇌의 통합을 향하여", 생물치료정신의학, 18(1), pp.5~11 (2012), 대한생물치료정신의학회[DOI]
- Lamm C, "Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain", Neuroimage, 54, pp.2492~2502 (2011)
- Eisenberger NI, "Why rejection hurts: the neurocognitive overlap between physical and social pain", Trends Cogn Sci, 8, pp.294~300 (2004)
- Eisenberger NI, "The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain", Nat Rev Neurosci, 13, pp.421~434 (2012)
- Decety J, "Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood", Dev Sci, 13, pp.886~899 (2010)
- Cheng Y, "Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others", Curr Biol, 17, pp.1708~1713 (2007)
- Chiao JY, "Neural basis of preference for human social hierarchy versus egalitarianism", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1167, pp.174~181 (2009)
- DeWall CN, "Do neural responses to rejection depend on attachment style? An fMRI study", Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 7, pp.184~192 (2012)
- Cheng Y, "Love hurts: an fMRI study", NeuroImage, 51, pp.923~929 (2010)
- Xu X, "Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses", Journal of Neuroscience, 29, pp.8525~8529 (2009)
- Decety J, "The blame game: the effect of responsibility and social stigma on empathy for pain", J Cogn Neurosci, 22, pp.985~997 (2009)
- Decety J, "Who caused the pain? A functional MRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children", Neuropsychologia, 46, pp.2607~2614 (2008)