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인지적 공감과 정서적 공감: 정신병리와 심리재활에의 함의

Cognitive and Affective Empathy: Implications for Psychopathology and Psychological Rehabilitation

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초록

공감이란 타인의 정서적 상태를 이해하고 그에 정서적으로 반응하는 능력을 말한다. 본 논문에서는 인지적 공감과 정서적 공감에 관한 연구결과들과 두 공감의 결함에 따른 심리장애들을 개관하였다. 2가지 형태의 공감이 존재한다는 이론적 견해는 공감의 장애를 더 잘 이해하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 최근의 연구결과들은 인지적 공감 결함과 정서적 공감 결함 사이에 행동적 수준과 신경적 수준에서 이중 해리가 나타남을 보여준다. 예를 들면, 자폐증 환자는 인지적 공감의 손상을 보이지만, 정서적 공감의 손상은 잘 보이지 않는다. 대조적으로, 반사회적 성격장애 환자는 정서적 공감의 결함을 보이지만, 인지적 공감의 결함은 잘 보이지 않는다. 공감 장애에 대한 향후의 연구와 재활에서 행동적 요인과 신경적 요인을 결합한다면 유용할 것이다. 거울 신경세포 체계에 근거한 공감 훈련이 공감의 장애에 대한 중재 기법으로서 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Empathy is the ability to understand other people’s emotional state and to react affectively. In this article, the research literature conducted on cognitive empathy and affective empathy is selectively reviewed. Many psychiatric disorders associated with deficits of those two kinds of empathy are provided. Two forms of empathy perspective can be helpful in allowing us to better understand empathy disorders. Recent findings show a behavioral and neural double dissociation between deficits in cognitive empathy and affective empathy. For instance, individuals with autism show impairment in cognitive empathy but not affective empathy. In contrast, individuals with antisocial personality disorders show deficits in affective empathy but not cognitive empathy. Future investigation and rehabilitation of empathy disorders can be useful if behavioral and neurological factors are combined. Empathy training based on mirror neuron system may be helpful in intervention of disorders associated with empathic dysfunction.

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