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생태적 희망 찾기—마거릿 애트우드의 『매드아담』

Seeking an Ecological Hope —Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam

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The narrative of MaddAddam, the final in Atwood’s MaddAddam triology, seeks an ecologically alternative culture. Even if the theme of the novel is oriented toward eco-friendly thoughts, the relevant narrative resists any essentialist view of nature. Thus, the author seems to take a dialogical stance between eco-centrism and anthropocentrism. To allow her thematic resiliency, Atwood employs a two-way narrative in the book; Toby, the central narrator’s story gives way to Blackbeard’s simplified version of the same story. By presenting three female ‘God’s Gardeners’ interspeciesial mating & proliferating with male Crakers, she even examines a possibility of transhumanism, which seemingly belies eco-friendly message in the novel. Furthermore, the author’s eco-critical position seems to turn more blurred when it comes to polarized characterization in terms of ecological perspective, However, Atwood’s deconstructive narrative is more like a bridge that the readers should across to reach her environmental pragmatism. As well-known, the pragmatic view of nature rejects any supernatural or trans-empirical idea or knowledge. Atwood takes an environmental pragmatist’s stance when she promotes dialogical solutions to today’s ecological problem by way of subverting both dualistic views of nature, eco-centrism and anthropocentrism.

Abstract

The narrative of MaddAddam, the final in Atwood’s MaddAddam triology, seeks an ecologically alternative culture. Even if the theme of the novel is oriented toward eco-friendly thoughts, the relevant narrative resists any essentialist view of nature. Thus, the author seems to take a dialogical stance between eco-centrism and anthropocentrism. To allow her thematic resiliency, Atwood employs a two-way narrative in the book; Toby, the central narrator’s story gives way to Blackbeard’s simplified version of the same story. By presenting three female ‘God’s Gardeners’ interspeciesial mating & proliferating with male Crakers, she even examines a possibility of transhumanism, which seemingly belies eco-friendly message in the novel. Furthermore, the author’s eco-critical position seems to turn more blurred when it comes to polarized characterization in terms of ecological perspective, However, Atwood’s deconstructive narrative is more like a bridge that the readers should across to reach her environmental pragmatism. As well-known, the pragmatic view of nature rejects any supernatural or trans-empirical idea or knowledge. Atwood takes an environmental pragmatist’s stance when she promotes dialogical solutions to today’s ecological problem by way of subverting both dualistic views of nature, eco-centrism and anthropocentrism.

참고문헌 (21)

  1. Atwood, Margaret, "In Other Worlds: SF and the Human Imagination" (2011), Doubleday
  2. Atwood, Margaret, "MaddAddam" (2014), Virago Press
  3. Atwood, Margaret, "The Year of the Flood" (2009), Anchor
  4. Bakhtin, Mikhail M, "The Dialogic Imagination" (1981), U of Texas P
  5. Bouson, J. Brooks, "We’re Using Up the Earth: It’s Almost Gone: A Return to the Post-Apocalyptic Future in Margaret Atwood’s The Year of the Flood", Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 46(9), pp.9~26 (2011)
  6. Boyd, Shelley, "Utopian Breakfasts: Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam", Utopian Studies, 26, pp.160~181 (2015)
  7. Canavan, Gerry, "Hope, but not for us: Ecological science fiction and the end of the world in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood", Literature Interpretation Theory, 23, pp.138~159 (2012)
  8. Coupe, Laurence, "Myth" (2009), Routledge
  9. Dewey, John, "The Theory of Inquiry" (1938), Henry Holt
  10. DiMarco, Danette, "Going Wendigo: The Emergence of the Iconic Monster in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake and Antonia Bird’s Ravenous", College Literature, 38, pp.121~148 (2011)
  11. Giesecke, Annette, "Nature, Utopia, and the Garden.”Earth Perfect? Nature, Utopia, and the Garden", pp.1~22 (2012), Black Dog Publishing
  12. Environmental Debt in Payback and Oryx and Crake, "Moral", pp.2010, Hengen, Shannon
  13. Kurzweil, Ray, "The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology" (2005), Viking
  14. Mark, Bosco, "The Blind Assassin, Oryx and Crake.", pp.152~185 (2010), Continuum
  15. Narkunas, J. Paul, "Between Words, Numbers, and Things: Transgenics and Other Objects of Life in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddams", Critique, 56, pp.1~25 (2015)
  16. Northover, Richard Alan, "Ecological Apocalypse in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy", Studia Neophilologica, 88, pp.81~95 (2016)
  17. Quarta, Cosimo, "Homo Utopicus: On the Need for Utopia", Utopian Studies, 7(2), pp.151~179 (1996)
  18. Raschke, Debrah, "Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy: Postmodernism, Apocalypse, and Rapture", Studies in Canadian Literature, 39, pp.22~44 (2014)
  19. Snyder, Katherine V, "’Time to go’: The Post-apocalyptic and the Post-traumatic in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood", Studies in the Novel, 43, pp.470~489 (2011)
  20. Spiegel, Michael, "Character in a Post-national World: Neomedievalism in Atwood’s Oryx and Crake", Mosaic, 43, pp.119~134 (2010)
  21. Weston, Anthony, "Beyond Intrinsic Value: Pragmatism in Environmental Ethics", Environmental Ethics, 7, pp.321~339 (1985)

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