20세기 전기 구어 자료에 나타난 모음상승 연구

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the vowel raising e>i, ə>ɨ, o>u in early 20th Korean based on the spoken language data. To achieve this, three types of vowel raising have been inspected from ‘Spoken Korean Corpus by Korea University: The first half of the 20th Century’. In the case of ‘/e/→/i/’, we confirmed the actualization of vowel raising in word-initial long and short phonemes in lexical morphemes and also in grammatical morphemes. After calculating the rates of vowel raising, the phenomena was found to be most actively used in the environment of word-initial long phonemes of lexical morphemes and, more interestingly, was found very rarely in that of grammatical morphemes. Also, ‘/ə/→/ɨ/’ vowel raising is found in all actualized environments and has been found in grammatical morphemes as a productive realization. This type of vowel raising is observable in the word-initial environment of not only long phonemes but also short phonemes, as well as in grammatical morphemes. From this we can understand that from this period on, the restriction of vowel length no longer exists. The ‘/o/→/u/’ vowel raising typically develops in the non-word-initial place of lexical morphemes, and it can be noted that from the turn of the 20th century the phenomena has expanded even to previously unreachable grammatical morphemes. In grammatical morphemes, vowel raising was often found in the clausal conjunctive pattern‘-go’, and since the 20th century onwards there have been more and more cases of vowel raising continually cropping up in Korean speech patterns. Thus, we can understand that from the start of the 20th century vowel raising has spread outwards from the raising used in the‘-go’ conjunctive clause.