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비인격적 감독과 정서적 소진의 관계: LMX와 꽌시의 역할을 중심으로

The Relationship between Abusive Supervision and Emotional Exhaustion: The Roles of LMX and Guanxi

최병권|양신봉
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2020.04|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제27권 제2호|pp. 149-173

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참고문헌

키워드

정서적 소진Emotional exhaustionLMX비인격적 감독사회적 교환관계Abusive supervisionGuanxi꽌시Social exchange relationship
주제분류경영학

초록

비인격적 감독 분야의 선행연구들은 상사의 비인격적 감독이 부하의 정서적 소진에 부정적 영향을 미친다고보고하고 있으나, 비인격적 감독이 어떠한 내적 프로세스를 통해 정서적 소진을 촉진하며, 또한 언제 이러한관계가 강화 또는 약화될 수 있는가에 대한 연구는 미흡하였다. 본 연구에서는 상사와 부하 간의 사회적 교환관계를 기반으로 업무 측면의 교환관계인 상사－부하 교환관계(leader-member exchange; LMX)와 비업무 측면의개인적 교환관계인 상사－부하 꽌시(guanxi)의 서로 다른 특징을 지닌 두 유형의 상사－부하 간 관계의 역할에주목하였다. LMX와 꽌시를 활용하여, 본 연구는 비인격적 감독과 정서적 소진의 관계에서 LMX의 매개효과와꽌시의 조절효과, 그리고 LMX의 매개효과가 꽌시의 수준에 의해 다르게 발현되는 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 287명의 중국 직장인을 표본으로 설문조사를 통해 확보한 자료를 분석한 결과, 상사의 비인격적 감독은부하의 정서적 소진에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, LMX는 상사의 비인격적 감독과 부하의정서적 소진의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 꽌시는 상사의 비인격적 감독과 LMX의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났으며, LMX를 매개로 하는 비인격적 감독의 정서적 소진에 대한 간접효과는 꽌시의 수준에따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 비인격적 감독이 LMX를 매개로 정서적 소진에 미치는 간접효과는 꽌시를낮게 인식하는 부하에서는 유의하지 않은 반면, 꽌시를 높게 인식하는 부하에게서 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 이론 및 실무 측면의 시사점을 논의하고, 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Although previous research have revealed the negative impact of supervisors' abusive supervision on subordinates' emotional exhaustion, yet little research to date has investigated which variables explain why abusive supervision leads to emotional exhaustion and when such relationship may be stronger or weaker. Based on social exchange theory, we focused the roles of two distinct types of supervisor-subordinate exchange relationships: LMX(leader-member exchange) based on work-related relationship and supervisor-subordinate Guanxi based on nonwork-related personal relationship. By integrating LMX and guanxi, we proposed and tested a moderated mediation model that includes LMX as the mediator and guanxi as the moderator in relationship between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion. Results based on 287 Chinese employees provided support for our hypotheses. We found that abusive supervision was positively related to emotional exhaustion and LMX mediated such relationship. We found further that guanxi moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and LMX; revealing that the negative influence of abusive supervision on LMX was stronger when subordinates perceived a high level of guanxi. Finally, a moderated mediation analyses showed that the mediated relationship between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion through LMX was different on the moderator variable of guanxi. Specifically, the conditional indirect effect of abusive supervision on emotional exhaustion through LMX was valid under high level of guanxi, not under low level of guanxi. Implications for research and practice were discussed along with study limitations and future research directions.

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