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인종 다양성과 기업성과 간 관계연구: 유연한 채용 전략의 조절효과

The relationship between workforce racial diversity and firm performance: The moderating role of flexible hiring strategies

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참고문헌

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 인종 다양성과 기업성과 간 관계를 보다 세밀하게 이해하기 위해 기업의 채용 전략 특성이 다양성 과 성과 간 관계에 미치는 영향력을 이론적, 실증적으로 검증하는 것을 주요한 목적으로 한다. 최근 기업들은 경영 효율을 높이기 위하여 단기적으로 유연성을 높일 수 있는 채용 전략을 수행하고 있다. 선행 연구를 통해 비정형 근로자 채용과 외부 채용이 재무적, 기능적, 수치적 측면에서 기업 내 유연성을 높인다는 것이 보고되었 지만, 본 연구에서는 오히려 이러한 채용 전략들이 인종 다양성이 높은 환경에서는 직원들 간 효과적인 협업을 방해하고 성과 달성을 저해하는 장애물로 기능할 수 있는 이론적 가능성을 제안하였다. 이를 실증 검증하기 위 해서는 2001년부터 2008년까지 미국의 대형 법률자문회사 192개사로부터 수집한 종단 연구 표본을 활용하였으 며, 분석 결과 가설과 동일하게 비정형 근로자 채용과 외부 채용이 인종 다양성과 기업성과 간 관계에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 인종 다양성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향력이 부정적으로 발현될 수 있는 조직 내 주요 상황 요인을 조망하며, 기업의 전략적 선택이 의도하지 않은 결과를 야기할 수 있음을 환기 한다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the relationship between racial diversity and firm performance from a situational perspective by examining how the relationship between racial diversity and firm performance varies depending on the firm’s hiring strategy. In recent times, many firms have been implementing hiring strategies that enhance short-term flexibility to increase managerial efficiency. Previous research has reported that external hiring and hiring non-standard employees increase organizational flexibility in financial, functional, and numerical aspects. However, this study suggests that such hiring strategies may serve as obstacles that hinder effective collaboration among employees and impede performance in environments with high racial diversity. To validate this, longitudinal data collected from 192 large law firms in the United States from 2001 to 2008 were analyzed, revealing that, consistent with the hypothesis, external hiring and hiring non-standard employees negatively impact the relationship between racial diversity and firm performance. This study sheds light on situational factors where racial diversity can manifest negatively, highlighting the significance of strategic choices by firms that may lead to unintended consequences.

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