경제정책 불확실성이 주식시장 유동성에 미치는 영향: 중국시장을 중심으로
The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Chinese Stock Market
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본 연구는 정부 정책 수립 및 변화의 불확실성으로 인해 발생하는 경제정책의 불확실성이 주식시장의 유동성에 미치는 영향을 연구한다. 2012년부터 2022년까지 중국 A주(A-shares) 기업의 경영데이터 및 학계에서 널리사용되고 있는 Baker et al.(2016)의 경제불확실성 지수를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 경제정책 불확실성의 증대는 주식 유동성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 시장참여자 간의 정보비대칭이 중요한 결정 요소로 파악되었다. 정부정책 불확실성의 영향력은 시장에 정보비대칭을 완화시켜주는 것으로 알려진 애널리스트의 주식에 대한 관심도가 높을수록 완화되는 것을 발견하였다. 또한, 애널리스트의 조절효과는 정보의 가치가 더 큰 약세장에서그 효과가 더 강하게 나타났다. 정부정책 불확실성의 유동성에 대한 영향은 내생성을 고려하기 위한 도구변수를활용한 분석에서나, 코로나 시기를 제외한 기간을 분석한 결과에서도 일관되게 나타났다. 본 연구는 경제정책안정의 중요성을 주식가격이나 변동성만 아니라 유동성 측면에서도 실증적으로 보여주는 데에 의의가 있고, 정보비대칭이 주요한 역할을 하고 있음을 실증적으로 보여준 데에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study studies the effect of uncertainty in economic policy on the liquidity of the stock market. Using the financial data of Chinese A-shares companies from 2012 to 2022 and the economic uncertainty index of Baker et al. (2016), which is widely used in academia, we find that the increase in economic policy uncertainty is negatively associated with stock liquidity. This is because uncertainty in economic policy deepens information asymmetry among market participants. We find that the influence of policy uncertainty is alleviated as analysts’ interest in stocks, which is known to alleviate information asymmetry in the market, increases. Additionally, the moderating effect of analysts was stronger in bear markets where the value of information was greater. The results are consistent in the analysis using instrumental variables to consider endogeneity or in the analysis of periods excluding the COVID-19 period. This study implies the importance of stabilizing economic policy not only in terms of stock prices and volatility but also in terms of liquidity, and demonstrates the role of information asymmetry empirically.
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