독일 유대문학의 개념 형성 및 정체성 이해
Concept Formulation of the German-Jewish Literature and the understanding of its identity
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이 논문에서는 “독일 유대문학”의 정체성에 관한 탐색을 바탕으로 이른바 “유대문학”이 특히 독일 문화권에서 어떻게 정착되어 왔으며, 여러 부침과 지난한 과정을 통해 독일 문화사 속에서 형성된 과정을 규명하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 아울러 계몽주의 이후 근대 문화사에서 독일의 유대 지식인들이 자신들의 문화적 정체성을 바탕으로 이 문학을 (독일문학과의 관계성 속에서) 어떻게 이해하고 규정하였는지 그 역사적 맥락을 고찰하였다. 여러 문학들 간의 상호 작용과 교류에 대한 시각을 열어 준 괴테의 “세계문학” 개념 이후, 레오폴트 춘츠부터 구스타프 카르펠레스, 루트비히 가이거의 유대 문학사에 이르기까지 유대 문예학 및 문학관이 정립된 제반 역사적 흐름에 대해 조망하였다. 그리고 괴테와 실러로 대표되는 독일 이상주의 문학시대(계몽주의 및 고전주의)에 이르러 유대 지식인 및 작가들이 “자유와 형제애, 교양과 인간의 권리의 옹호자”로서의 독일 작가와 문학에 대한 관점을 소개하였으며, 근대 이후 독일 문화사 흐름 속에서 독일 유대문학의 위상과 의미를 분석하였다.
Abstract
The German-Jewish literature have special significance in the tradition or the history of German literature since the Modern Age. It is common knowledge that Jewish authors have taken the leading role in and have had a considerable influence on the German literature. Nevertheless, we can't find easily answers to the question such as “what is German-Jewish Literature?” or “what is the identity of German-Jewish Literature in the cultural milieu in Germany." This phenomena is attributed to a poorly defined concept of German-Jewish literature. Furthermore, Jewish authors have not been willing to reveal their own identity as Jews. The purpose of this paper is to dissect the problem more clearly and to overview the German-Jewish literature on how or in what ways they reconnect themselves with the traditions and affirm their identity in the cultural situation in Germany. The Jewish intellectuals and authors had perceived "the German literature and the Jewish literature" as one and the same indiscriminately. They had understood their literature as a part of German literature. Accordingly, the authors held fast to position that the German-Jewish literature was the universal literary phenomenon in all European cultural history. Although this literature in the relationship with German mainstream literature through ups and downs went, the assimilation and integration of the Jews, and therefore, the diffusion of advanced and liberal views of the Jewish writers nourished German literary development. The German-Jewish literature reflected historically the spirit of the age and enriched the german cultural milieu. Many writers of Jewish descent played a central role in German literary and cultural life after the World War II. The various literary themes and trends of the German-Jewish literature as minor literature can provide an important fodder for receiving foreign culture in present German cultural climate which very significant step towards multicultural society.
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