우르두 문학 속의 페르시아 가잘 연구
A Study on the Persian Ghazal in Urdu Literature
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Persian Ghazal(Love Poem) is the poetic genre which widely has been spreaded out in Persian-Cultural World, and has had a great influence on Turkey, Hindi and European Literature in Medieval times, as well. Persian-Cultural World is made up of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia and Western region(Xinjiang) of China. Except for the Pakistan, the mentioned nations and regions are nowadays using the Persian as the national or minor language. During the eight hundred odd years, Persian had been used as the official language in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent. For this reason, Poetry in Urdu literature has been included in the Persian literature, standing for the minor literature in India as well as Pakistan. Persian Ghazal among the poetic genres had gained a great popularity and had been prevalent in the duration of Medieval era in the Subcontinent. In this article, the most famous Ghazal poet of his own times in the Subcontinent is introduced or analyzed: Amir Khosru(1253-1325), Feizi(1547-1595), Bidel Dehlavi(1644-1720), Mirza Ghaleb(1797-1869), Mohammad Iqbal(1877- 1938). In particular, most of scholars in Pakistan have paid attention to Bidel and Iqbal. I'm also concerning in Bidel and Iqbal's poem. I found out their similar thoughts and philosophy in terms of their poems. In the beginning of this article, the origin and meaning of Ghazal is mentioned and focused on the relation between Ghazal and Eshgh(Love), the connection between Ghazal and the literary works(Eshgh Dastan) prior to the advent of Islamic era. After the collapse of Mughal(1526-1857) Dynasty in the mid-19th Century, Persian had been lost its place as an official language. With the patronage of Mughal Emperors, Persian Literature greatly had been flourished in the Subcontinent, and the Mughal era was the Golden Age of Persian literature. Afterwards, Urdu literature greatly had been affected by the Persian literature. In particular, Urdu poetry has had the same color and shape as the Persian poetry. Among the poetry genres, the Pakistans have a liking for the Ghazal.
Abstract
Persian Ghazal(Love Poem) is the poetic genre which widely has been spreaded out in Persian-Cultural World, and has had a great influence on Turkey, Hindi and European Literature in Medieval times, as well. Persian-Cultural World is made up of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia and Western region(Xinjiang) of China. Except for the Pakistan, the mentioned nations and regions are nowadays using the Persian as the national or minor language. During the eight hundred odd years, Persian had been used as the official language in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent. For this reason, Poetry in Urdu literature has been included in the Persian literature, standing for the minor literature in India as well as Pakistan. Persian Ghazal among the poetic genres had gained a great popularity and had been prevalent in the duration of Medieval era in the Subcontinent. In this article, the most famous Ghazal poet of his own times in the Subcontinent is introduced or analyzed: Amir Khosru(1253-1325), Feizi(1547-1595), Bidel Dehlavi(1644-1720), Mirza Ghaleb(1797-1869), Mohammad Iqbal(1877- 1938). In particular, most of scholars in Pakistan have paid attention to Bidel and Iqbal. I'm also concerning in Bidel and Iqbal's poem. I found out their similar thoughts and philosophy in terms of their poems. In the beginning of this article, the origin and meaning of Ghazal is mentioned and focused on the relation between Ghazal and Eshgh(Love), the connection between Ghazal and the literary works(Eshgh Dastan) prior to the advent of Islamic era. After the collapse of Mughal(1526-1857) Dynasty in the mid-19th Century, Persian had been lost its place as an official language. With the patronage of Mughal Emperors, Persian Literature greatly had been flourished in the Subcontinent, and the Mughal era was the Golden Age of Persian literature. Afterwards, Urdu literature greatly had been affected by the Persian literature. In particular, Urdu poetry has had the same color and shape as the Persian poetry. Among the poetry genres, the Pakistans have a liking for the Ghazal.
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