고전 페르시아 문학에 비친 동성애적 표현 연구
A study on the homosexual expression in classical Persian literature
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초록
This study is the third of a three-year research project under the title of “Study on the Images of Minorities in Persian Literature”. The minorities are classified into three categories: religious minority, ethnic minority and gender minority. Gender identity and the human rights of LGBT people are emerging as major issues in modern society, and in this context, gender minority is also included as one of three categories because LGBT is also a minority group in a strict sense. In Iran, despite the strict prohibition of Islamic law, homosexuality has historically been prevalent, sometimes overtly. It is difficult to know when homosexuality began to appear in Iran. It is possible to speculate that homosexuality must have existed from an early age due to human sexual nature and social environment. However, there are very few records of homosexuality in pre-Islamic literary sources. Ironically, since the Islamic era, when homosexuality was a felony, homosexual expressions appeared abundantly in classical Persian poetry. The Quran strictly warns against homosexuality and the Islamic law also severely has punished homosexuals. Nevertheless, from around the 10th century, the practice of homosexuality seems to have spread widely in Iranian society and homosexuality has become an object of overt expression in Persian poetry. In particular, most of poets’ lovers in ghazal were men. Some scholars regard this as a metaphor based on Sufism and claim that the object of love is God.
Abstract
This study is the third of a three-year research project under the title of “Study on the Images of Minorities in Persian Literature”. The minorities are classified into three categories: religious minority, ethnic minority and gender minority. Gender identity and the human rights of LGBT people are emerging as major issues in modern society, and in this context, gender minority is also included as one of three categories because LGBT is also a minority group in a strict sense. In Iran, despite the strict prohibition of Islamic law, homosexuality has historically been prevalent, sometimes overtly. It is difficult to know when homosexuality began to appear in Iran. It is possible to speculate that homosexuality must have existed from an early age due to human sexual nature and social environment. However, there are very few records of homosexuality in pre-Islamic literary sources. Ironically, since the Islamic era, when homosexuality was a felony, homosexual expressions appeared abundantly in classical Persian poetry. The Quran strictly warns against homosexuality and the Islamic law also severely has punished homosexuals. Nevertheless, from around the 10th century, the practice of homosexuality seems to have spread widely in Iranian society and homosexuality has become an object of overt expression in Persian poetry. In particular, most of poets’ lovers in ghazal were men. Some scholars regard this as a metaphor based on Sufism and claim that the object of love is God.
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