하페즈의 『디반』에 나타난 수피상징에 관한 연구
A Study of Sufi Metaphors in the Divan of Hafez
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The purpose of this paper is to examine Hafez's ghazals in relation to the Sufi symbolism mainly focusing on the theme of wine, body and love, and time metaphors. For the majority of those living in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, India, and much of the Islamic world, Hafez is considered to be the greatest poet of all time. Since his death around 1389, his legendary status has continued down through the centuries, inspiring praise from Western literary luminaries such as Goethe, Emerson, and Nietzsche. Hafez specializes in composing the ghazal form of poetry, which is usually between five and fifteen beytes, or lines of verse split into two equal parts. The ghazal, which has been compared to an ode or a sonnet, usually focuses on themes of love and ideal beauty. Almost all of Hafez's ghazal contain sentiments of romantic love, images of nature, and coral counsel. But the overriding subject is love of God, symbolized by the metaphor of wine. Wine is the most fitting figure for love because both intoxicate. While wine causes self-forgetfulness, love leads to self-realization. These themes are main concepts of Hafez expressing that the lover's drunkenness begins with a drop of god's love which makes him forget the world to become an inspired libertine. In Hafez poem, metaphors of wine, love, time, taverns, Zoroastrians are in order implying an esoteric sanctuary of Sufi spirituality, an assembly of believers, which exists beyond the borders of orthodox Islam. Hafez also emphasizes that if we are to talk about the divine and the mystical, our starting point must be worldly and physical. It is in the real flesh-and-blood lovers and consummation of love that we begin our initiation into the ranks of the elect. On the first level of Hafez's ghazal, it provides a table of delights to be consumed, experienced, and enjoyed, but one cannot remain this place of delight long. He leads us to move on to the second level of his poems that is a reality of transcendent. Ordinary wine becomes an element of God, beloved is the divine person, and wine-master or tavern magi, a manifestation of the divine. These ideas shall be dealing with the themes of wine, body and love, and time metaphors within the framework of Sufi symbolism and spirituality.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine Hafez's ghazals in relation to the Sufi symbolism mainly focusing on the theme of wine, body and love, and time metaphors. For the majority of those living in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, India, and much of the Islamic world, Hafez is considered to be the greatest poet of all time. Since his death around 1389, his legendary status has continued down through the centuries, inspiring praise from Western literary luminaries such as Goethe, Emerson, and Nietzsche. Hafez specializes in composing the ghazal form of poetry, which is usually between five and fifteen beytes, or lines of verse split into two equal parts. The ghazal, which has been compared to an ode or a sonnet, usually focuses on themes of love and ideal beauty. Almost all of Hafez's ghazal contain sentiments of romantic love, images of nature, and coral counsel. But the overriding subject is love of God, symbolized by the metaphor of wine. Wine is the most fitting figure for love because both intoxicate. While wine causes self-forgetfulness, love leads to self-realization. These themes are main concepts of Hafez expressing that the lover's drunkenness begins with a drop of god's love which makes him forget the world to become an inspired libertine. In Hafez poem, metaphors of wine, love, time, taverns, Zoroastrians are in order implying an esoteric sanctuary of Sufi spirituality, an assembly of believers, which exists beyond the borders of orthodox Islam. Hafez also emphasizes that if we are to talk about the divine and the mystical, our starting point must be worldly and physical. It is in the real flesh-and-blood lovers and consummation of love that we begin our initiation into the ranks of the elect. On the first level of Hafez's ghazal, it provides a table of delights to be consumed, experienced, and enjoyed, but one cannot remain this place of delight long. He leads us to move on to the second level of his poems that is a reality of transcendent. Ordinary wine becomes an element of God, beloved is the divine person, and wine-master or tavern magi, a manifestation of the divine. These ideas shall be dealing with the themes of wine, body and love, and time metaphors within the framework of Sufi symbolism and spirituality.
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