Surzhyk and Surzhykisms in Ukrainian Literature
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The given article explores surzhyk as a linguistic phenomenon and a mixture of the Ukrainian and Russian languages, as well as its nature, time of origin and evaluation by various scholars who have examined it from the social, political and cultural aspects. Due to the fact that both languages have been spoken on the territory of Ukraine for a long time, surzhyk and surzhykisms (i.e. borrowings from the Russian language which can be identified as interferences into the Ukrainian language) have become integral parts of everyday speech of the Ukrainians, and later developed into semantic and stylistic units of belles-lettres texts. On various stages of Ukrainian literature surzhyk has served as an expressive means of cultural and educational level, characters’ social status and characteristics of the society. These non-standard elements quite often created a humorous, satirical or ironical effect, and expressed the author’s views on urgent social and political issues. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how surzhyk was used in different periods of Ukrainian literature, as well as to characterize social and political conditions and stereotypes which it was based on. Taking into account previous studies and scholars’ experience in classification, I suggest my own division into four periods which will embrace a much wider range of Ukrainian fiction texts between the late 18th and early 21st centuries. In each period I have examined works by Ukrainian writers who used surzhyk and analyzed how the Ukrainians were russified, since it was a necessary part of the policy that the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union enforced on the territory of Ukraine.
Abstract
The given article explores surzhyk as a linguistic phenomenon and a mixture of the Ukrainian and Russian languages, as well as its nature, time of origin and evaluation by various scholars who have examined it from the social, political and cultural aspects. Due to the fact that both languages have been spoken on the territory of Ukraine for a long time, surzhyk and surzhykisms (i.e. borrowings from the Russian language which can be identified as interferences into the Ukrainian language) have become integral parts of everyday speech of the Ukrainians, and later developed into semantic and stylistic units of belles-lettres texts. On various stages of Ukrainian literature surzhyk has served as an expressive means of cultural and educational level, characters’ social status and characteristics of the society. These non-standard elements quite often created a humorous, satirical or ironical effect, and expressed the author’s views on urgent social and political issues. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how surzhyk was used in different periods of Ukrainian literature, as well as to characterize social and political conditions and stereotypes which it was based on. Taking into account previous studies and scholars’ experience in classification, I suggest my own division into four periods which will embrace a much wider range of Ukrainian fiction texts between the late 18th and early 21st centuries. In each period I have examined works by Ukrainian writers who used surzhyk and analyzed how the Ukrainians were russified, since it was a necessary part of the policy that the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union enforced on the territory of Ukraine.
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