The Issue of Bilingualism in Ukraine: Sociocultural Aspect
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policy elaboration and implementation. In Ukraine there studies have been gaining more importance because during long historical period of statelessness the language situation in Ukraine underwent considerable deformations. A characteristic feature of contemporary language situation in Ukraine is a co-existence on its territory of two languages, Ukrainian and Russian, along with various forms of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism developed during the preceding historical period when Ukraine was incorporated into the Russian empire in its two forms, autocratic tsarism and communism. On all of its territories the Russian empire inculcated a forced language and cultural assimilation policy towards the non-Russian population. Ukrainians were exposed to even greater pressure of Russification due to their language belonging to the Eastern Slavic language group. Consequently, Ukraine came to its independence with a considerably distorted language situation. Russian as a language spread throughout the former empire ousted the national language on the vast territory of Ukraine, primary in the large industrial centers. Ukrainian-speaking communities in the Eastern and Southern regions of the country and to a lesser extent in the Central regions are limited to rural localities. The territory of Ukraine is far from being homogeneous. Narrowing down the spheres of use the Ukrainian language and the strong interferential influence of Russian have led to the emergence of the hybrid of Ukrainian-Russian forms of the everyday language known as surzhyk.
Abstract
policy elaboration and implementation. In Ukraine there studies have been gaining more importance because during long historical period of statelessness the language situation in Ukraine underwent considerable deformations. A characteristic feature of contemporary language situation in Ukraine is a co-existence on its territory of two languages, Ukrainian and Russian, along with various forms of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism developed during the preceding historical period when Ukraine was incorporated into the Russian empire in its two forms, autocratic tsarism and communism. On all of its territories the Russian empire inculcated a forced language and cultural assimilation policy towards the non-Russian population. Ukrainians were exposed to even greater pressure of Russification due to their language belonging to the Eastern Slavic language group. Consequently, Ukraine came to its independence with a considerably distorted language situation. Russian as a language spread throughout the former empire ousted the national language on the vast territory of Ukraine, primary in the large industrial centers. Ukrainian-speaking communities in the Eastern and Southern regions of the country and to a lesser extent in the Central regions are limited to rural localities. The territory of Ukraine is far from being homogeneous. Narrowing down the spheres of use the Ukrainian language and the strong interferential influence of Russian have led to the emergence of the hybrid of Ukrainian-Russian forms of the everyday language known as surzhyk.
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