네덜란드 작가의 남아프리카 여행문학 - 연루된 주체와 포스트식민주의 혼종성 -
Postcolonial Travel Writing - Focusing on South African Travelogues by Dutch Authors -
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초록
이 글에서는 포스트식민주의 여행문학의 특성과 이론을 바탕으로 네덜란드작가의 남아 프리카 여행문학을 살펴보고자 한다. 포스트식민주의 방법론은 타 지역과 문화에 대한 지 식을 어떻게 획득하고 소비하는지에 대한 관심과 더불어 문화 간 존재할 수 있는 다양한 형태의 상호작용에 대해 관심을 가져왔다. 그리고 여행지와 타문화와의 소통을 전제조건 으로 하는 여행문학은 이러한 연구의 중요한 소재가 된다. 이 글에서는 포스트식민주의 여행문학의 기제로서 ‘카운터 여행문학(Countertravel writing)’과 ‘접촉지역(Contact Zone)’ 등 의 개념을 이용해 네덜란드 작가들의 남아프리카 여행문학인 약속의 땅(1990)과 도와 주세요. 내가 백인이 되었어요(2009)에 나타난 위치화와 정체성의 정치를 살펴보고자 한 다. 식민종주국인 네덜란드인으로서의 정체성, 그리고 남아프리카라는 공간이 부여하는 ‘백인’이라는 정체성은 이들 작가들로 하여금 지속적인 자기성찰과 타협을 요구한다. 식민 주의 역사가 어떻게 아프리카너(Afrikaner) 정체성과 네덜란드인 정체성에 작용하는지를 관찰하는 과정에서 마이클 로스버그의 ‘연루된 주체(implicated subject)’ 개념은 유용한 분 석의 틀이 된다. 이들 작품은 정치적 전환기 남아프리카에서 기존 질서의 잔재와 교차점 을 발견하고, 나와 타자 사이의 변증법적 작용을 통해 공생이 가능한 혼종성의 공간을 상 상하고 있다.
Abstract
In this article, I would like to examine the South African travelogues of Dutch writers from the theoretical perspective of postcolonial travel writing. Postcolonial theory has drawn attention to the various forms of interaction between cultures, and how knowledge is acquired and consumed in different regions and societies. Travel writing is an important research subject because travel makes it possible to recognize and communicate with a new world, and to reflect on one’s self and identity formation. In this article, the South African travelogues by Dutch writers, Het Beloofde Land (The Promised Land, 1990) and Help, Ik Ben Blank Geworden (Help, I’ve Become White, 2009) are discussed, along with concepts such as ‘countertravel writing’ and ‘contact zone’. Focusing on Micheal Rothberg’s concept of the ‘implicated subject’, this study observes how the history of colonialism simultaneously influences both the Afrikaner and the Dutch identities. Advocating postcolonial hybridity, these works try to reproduce South Africa as an organic and hybrid space, where the hierarchical and asymmetrical power relations of political transformation are disrupted and overturned through the dialectical action between the self and the other.
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