문학적 상상에서 영화적 재현, 실재적 현전으로 진화하는 SF: 영화 《달세계 여행》과 소설 『달세계 최초의 사람들』 비교
Science Fiction Evolving from Literary Imagination to Cinematic Representation and Real Presence:
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프랑스 영화감독 조르주 멜리에스의 1902년도 흑백 무성영화 《달세계 여행》은 최초의 SF 모험 영화로 기록된다. 이 영화는 대포로 발사된 우주선 캡슐을 타고 달에 도착한 천문학 자들이 달 탐사 도중 외계인의 추격을 피해 지구로 귀환한다는 내용을 담고 있다. 당시 초창 기 영화가 대부분 사실 기록 위주의 작품이었다면, ‘달세계 여행’은 당시로선 상상을 초월하 는 주제였으며, 이를 구현하는 경이롭고 혁신적인 특수 효과와 스토리텔링 기법은 이후 영화 콘텐츠와 제작 관행에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 영화 《달세계 여행》은 다양한 출처에서 영감을 받은 것으로 알려지는데, 특히 문학적 영향이 두드러진다. 본 연구는 영국 작가 H. G. 웰스의 1901년도 공상과학 소설 『달세계 최초의 사람들』과 멜리에스 영화의 상관성 및 영향 관계 를 추이면서 ‘미지에 대한 개연적 상상’이라는 SF의 본질적 속성을 도출하는 한편, 문학적 상상력이 영화적 재현으로 이어지는 SF의 진화 방향성을 탐구한다. 아울러 미지에 대한 문학 적 상상이 영화적 현실로 구현되고, 이러한 SF적 상상이 종국엔 실재하는 현실이 되어 온 역 사를 반추하면서, SF의 향후 진화 잠재성을 전망해 본다.
Abstract
French director Georges Méliès’s 1902 black-and-white silent film Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) is considered to be the first SF adventure film. The movie tells the story of astronomers who arrive on the moon in a spaceship capsule and return to Earth escaping the pursuit of aliens during the lunar exploration. While the early films were mostly documentaries in nature, ‘a trip to the moon’ highlighted in this film was a new idea beyond imagination at the tim. Also Méliès’s phenomenal and innovative special effects and storytelling techniques to realize the new idea were extensively influential to the later film contents and production practices. The film Le Voyage dans la Lune was inspired by a variety of sources, especially literary influence. This study in particular examines the correlation or influence between British author H. G. Wells’s 1901 science fiction novel The First Men in the Moon and the film of Méliès. This comparative study shed light on the essence of SF, that is, ‘probable imagination of the unknown,’ and explores the evolutionary direction of science fiction in which literary imagination leads to visual representation. In addition, while reflecting on the history of the literary imagination of the unknown being realized into a cinematic reality and this sci-fi imagination eventually becoming a presence in reality, this study anticipates the future evolutionary potential of science fiction.
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