時間名詞に関する一考察 - 「夜」を中心として-
A Consideration on Japanese Temporal Nouns -Focusing on ‘YORU’-
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초록
本研究は『日本国語大辞典』第一巻から第十三巻から「夜」の入った時間名詞を抽出し、時間的性質別に分類し、分析 を行った。 その結果、「発話時を含む時間帯を表わす時間名詞」は5語、「発話時以前を表わす時間名詞」は11語、「不定時を含む 時間帯を表わす時間名詞」は10語、「不定時以前を表わす時間名詞」は3語、「不定時以後を表わす時間名詞」は7語、「循 環型の時間名詞」は134語、「事態存続の時間量を表わす時間名詞」は45語、「限定的な時間を表わす時間名詞」は87語で あった。 「夜」の入った時間名詞であるにもかかわらず、「九夜(きゅうや)」や「二七夜(ふたしちや)」のように夜の意味のない 時間名詞が存在したり、「初夜(しょや)」や「初夜(そや)」のように一つの言葉で時間的性質を三つ持っている時間名詞も あり、さらに、時間名詞の持つ意味によって使われていた時代が各々異っている時間名詞が多数存在することが分 かった。
Abstract
This study has extracted Japanese temporal nouns that contain the Chinese character of ‘夜(YORU=night)’ from Japanese Language Dictionary Vols. 1~13, then they were classified by their temporal nature for the purpose of our analysis. The results show that “the temporal nouns indicating the time zone which includes the point of utterance” are nine;; “those indicating the time zone before the point of utterance” are eleven; “The temporal nouns indicating the time zone that includes the indefinite time” are ten; “those indicating the time zone before the indefinite time” are three; and “those indicating the time zone after the indefinite time” are seven. And, “cyclical form of the temporal nouns” are 134; “those indicating the time amount during the continuance of situation” are 45; and “those representing determinative time” are 87. There are temporal nouns such as “kyuya” or “futashichiya”, which consist of the Chinese character “YORU”, but they do not have meaning of ‘night’. The temporal nouns such as “shoya” and “soya” have three temporal characteristics in one noun. Furthermore, the study has found that there are many temporal nouns whose conveyed meaning was different depending on the era in which they were used.