日本語動詞「ねらう」の意味論的考察‒「めざす」との対照を通して‒

Abstract

[nerau] and [mezasu] are the verbs in synonym relations which always require the goal. This paper carried out contrastive analysis from a semantic point of view, intended for Japanese transitive verbs [nerau] and [mezasu] which have syntax such as 「N1 ga　N2 wo　V(/V te ~ suru)。」. The purpose of this study is to clarify similarity and difference of semantic scope by analyzing the goal(to be object) and character(of object chosen by two verbs), thereby abstracting the sememe and illuminating general semantic characteristics. [nerau], in the analysis process, was confirmed to be a verb which has sememe such as [limitation] and [Harming], while [mezasu] was confirmed to have sememe of [mobility] in connection with agent. [nerau] reverified the semantic scope through [passive verb] and [possible expression]. From the result of having analyzed, below findings were obtained. [nerau] : It chooses an object which shall have an undesirable effect and sets it as its goal. But in case of having satisfied part of conditions or chosen unspecific object, and of being very specific what action should be taken, it is not that it has only undesirable effects. [mezasu] : Assuming the goal exists at the place where values can be recognized, it shows the process of reaching the place. Furthermore, it implies semantic function which goes through stages giving efforts and time in the process of reaching the goal. Even aiming at [te type], it examined independence of [nerau] and [mezasu]. It, however, has not been proved yet that the selected analysis method has implied universality.