고려시대의 율관 - 법조(法曹)를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Judicial officer was dispatched for the first time in history in the 14th year of King Seongjong when the organization systems of central government and local governments were reorganized. Thereafter, in the reign of King Myeongjong the judicial officer agency called "Beobjosa" in which judicial officers belonged was established once. The purpose of the establishment of the agency was, however, to ensure the stability of northwestern region and the western capital city called "Seogyeong". Judicial officer positions were estblished in all gun-hyeon level towns of Goryeo Dynasty except for "hyeon" and "jin" level towns because their duties were closely related to peoples' livelihoods. At the time of appointment, the position level of higher than the 8th grade("8 pum") was given to the judicial officers dispatched to local governments. The cultivation of legal officers had been done throughout the whole period of Goryeo Dynasty from the beginning of the Dynasty by the agency called "Gukjagam" after the reign of King Seongjong and by the agency called "Jeonbeobsa" after the period of Yuan's domination. Duties of judicial officers were to handle criminal lawsuits and to give legal consulting to other towns while dealing with administrative works and banking for town people. Judicial officers also educated legal officer candidates of local area and were in charge of autopsy for the murder trials. Reviewing the judicial officer's social and economic status at that time, among the officers of local governments, the officers who were the lower positions than judicial officers were medical doctors and men of letters called "Munsa" only. The promotion period for judicial officers were very long. When a judicial officer was holding concurrent positions called "Chamgunsa" or "Jangseogi", the judicial officer would have been given higher position. The stipends of judicial officers were different depending on the quality of local government organization.