김원일의 『노을』에 나타난 ‘죽은’ 아버지의 귀환과 이중 서사 전략

Abstract

An Evening Glow is an important work written by the author Won-il Kim which breaks away from early short stories and led to the introduction of a mysterious male figure and provided an opportunity for literary conversion. In this story, the author situated Kapsu, the boy figure, as an 'unreliable narrator' to call on the 'father who died figuratively' in the society during the 70's which supported the anticommunistic ideology, and provided crossing description with the perspective of Kapsu in his middle age. Therefore, it is considered that the story possessed double-narrative strategies for the surface and deep aspects of the story. This is why it seemed as if personal reconciliation with the father is supported when the surface of the story is observed, but the hidden aspects of the story display the plans of aiming to situate the father in the historical context. In chapter two, the appearance of the father as an innocent heroistic figure was characterized to observe the surface narrative aspect through the petit-bourgeois Kapsu who is faithful to the anticommunistic ideology and the boy narrator, who is the unreliable narrator. When Kapsu realizes that the social structure possessed by his father is the target of his hatred instead of his father, Samjo Kim is reborn as a man who dreamt of living happily with his son. In chapter three, the aspects of deep narrative, which aimed to describe the father from a historical context, were observed. A 'butcher' is an illocution which signifies the labeling as the socialist, and the author implemented the task of eliminating the scarlet letter carved on the father. Description of interchange in point of view with application of dreamy backgrounds such as 'dreams' were applied to criticise the opposition of ideologies between the North and South. The image of the father seen from the perspective of Kapsu as a boy and the image of Samjo Kim displayed from the reminiscence of middle-aged Kapsu were in discordance in order to artificially create a crack in the narration. The image of the butcher Samjo Kim, which was identified by the readers, was revised by the end of the novel. As a result, the father, who was excluded as the ideological ghost, was positioned as a socialist in the historical dimension.