침범과 분열의 파국— 김동인 『감자』의 대상관계론적 해석 —
The Catastrophe of Impingement and Splitting -Interpreting <Gamja> in Object Relational Perspective-
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본 연구의 목적은 김동인 「감자」의 비극에 나타난 심리적 요체를 정신분석적 대상관계론의 관점에서 규명하는 것이다. 「감자」는 일제 침탈과 함께 가속화된 근대 조선을 배경으로, 농민에서 토막민으로 전락한 복녀가 매춘을 통해 생계를 이어가다가 왕서방의 정부(情婦)가 되고, 그의 손에 죽게 되는 비극을 그린 단편이다불안을 몰고 오는 시대⋅사회적 변화와 인간관계의 왜곡, 그로 인한 자아의 방어에 주목하여, 본 연구는 존재의 연속성을 깨는 침범과 분열 그리고 자아의 약점을 복녀의 심리적 특징으로 규정하였다. 비극적 최후에 이르는 과정에서 나타나는 복녀의 정체감 혼돈과 성적 타락, 가족적 연대감의 해체는 근대로의 이행과 사회적 격변이라는 침범 그리고 침범에 대한 방어인 분열이 초래한 현상이었다. 제국주의가 몰고 온 타락한 자본주의는 대상(object)을 ‘돈’과 자본의 논리에 종속시키는 야만적 바람이었으며, 이 야만적 침범에 적응하기 위한 심리적 방어가 억압과 분열이었다.
Abstract
This study interpreted the tragedy of <Gamja>, a short story about the corruption and final death of Bok-nyeo, in the psychological perspective of Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory. The tragic death of Bok-nyeo was defined as the catastrophe of environmental impingement and psychological defense of splitting against the impingement. Sudden unexpected change of social situation caused by Japanese Imperialism was impingement to Bok-nyeo, who was from former scholarly family but degenerated into a beggar in the city slum. In the face of starvation, she got involved in extramarital sexual relationships with other beggars and Wang-seobang to get money. The psychological process leading Bok-nyeo to having sex for money included splitting. Splitting caused herself to forget her past identity as a descendant of a farmer who had a sense of morality. And splitting defense had to do with the malfunction of ego including reality testing and impulse control. The marriage of Wang-seobang was 'object loss' and another impingement which threatened the very existence of Bok-nyeo herself. Having lost her reason, Bok-nyeo visted Wang-seobang's bridal room at his wedding night, where she was killed by Wang-seobang with the very sickle she took. The psychological process of Bok-nyeo's corruption and death implied the essential ingredients of the modernity of Chosun. The sudden coerced modernity was inextricably intertwined with corrupt capitalism, which caused the splitting of identity and forsaking human dignity.
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