高麗의 孝사상 형성과 吉再의 忠孝節義와 師道定立

Abstract

Confucius (511-479 BC), a man from east, is respected as the preceptor of all generations for the establishment of Confucianism and great contribution to education. However, it can be estimated that Confucius developed the Haninohun (Five Morals of Hwanin) of the ancient Korea emphasizing the thoughts of benevolence and filial piety. Confucius thought of filial piety was introduced during the Three Kingdoms period. The public education institutions adopted the study of Five Sacred Books of Confucius as the required courses. Those books were focused on the thoughts of benevolence and filial piety. The educational aim was to create society of humanism by teaching humanities with the selection of literature and history. Goryeo inheriting Three Kingdoms and Balhae continued the tradition of National Studies of Silla and established Gukjagam (National Institute for the Confucian Studies) to continue educating the thoughts of benevolence and filial piety of Confucius. However, it is true that there was the change of the emphasis on the neo-Confucian tradition when neo-Confucianism introduced at the end of the dynasty. That is, traditional style of education for the thoughts of benevolence and filial piety based on Five Sacred Books of Confucianism changed. Education of Four Books became the core and the study of Collections of Chu His, Element of Education and Family Rituals were emphasized politically. This study concentrates the archievements of Jilje (1353-1419) of the late period of Goryeo and early Joseon. His thoughts of the determination of patriotism and filial piety made him a great mentor. Sejong the Great of Joseon ordered to list Jilje as a great mentor to the people in the Diagram of the Three Ethical Behaviors. Current education in Korea is facing crisis because of the adaptation of the Western education without criticism. The fundamentals were collapsed and the value of educators disappeared. Violence in the school and sexual crimes became the major social issues. Reestablishing social values, it is very important to reestablish the traditional value of filial piety education.