선초·중반기 목단문(牧丹文)의 전개와 표현 특징에 관한 고찰

Abstract

In East, there has been a custom of giving special meanings to plant. Especially, peony was called as the king of flowers and was used in paintings and ornament pattern of artistic handicrafts symbolizing wealth, prosperity and beauty. In Korea, peony design was used in various field of art throughout the ages. From Unified Silla period to Goryeo dynasty, peony design was showed often in artistic handicrafts · roofend tile and through Joseon dynasty, range of expression was extended to the painting of the Buddha·cloth·rank badge·pottery·art painting and started to be used variously. Especially in Joseon dynasty, preference of peony design was high while money power which is contrary to the strict high and the low society and spirit of the Confucianism rose to the new standard of value. In the late of Joseon dynasty, this trend also influenced common people and peony design was used in literary and art paintings as people started to get interested in culture · art. Especially in the early·middle Joseon dynasty, peony design started to show in various field and the type of it can be found in the painting of the Budhha, rank badge in portrait, cloth in the royal seal and pottery. Especially, peony design shown in the painting of the Buddha which is expressing religious ideology was made to ordinary people’s taste unlike the painting of the Buddha of Goryeo dynasty which is fancy and delicate style of noble and royal class. There are painting of Yaksa Buddha Triad·five Amitabha· Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Underworld Kings·Gamrodo in major works of it. Painting of Yaksa Buddha Triad and Gamrodo were put in the flower vase with various treasure on and under the podium and carved in the podium for decoration. Painting of Amitabha and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Underworld Kings were expressed in the form of pattern painting around the sacerdotal robe of the Buddha and monk. Also, peony design in the rank badge in portrait, pattern of military officers and civil servants are different and it shows not only decorative effect but also hierarchical society apparently. These effect reached to the culture of royal family and therefore it can be seen in the cloth keeping the royal seal. Peony that shown in the cloth keeping the royal seal at that time was expressed alone or with other flowers and peony in the cloth also big and gorgeous as it is a national treasure. Also, pottery differs forms of expression depending on the type and technique and in case of a grayish-blue-powdered celadon, it is expressed in the big, well-defined and omitted form centered on the line and also abstract form, and in case of white porcelain, it is described in the form of free and concise at the same time as art painting. Therefore in this paper, I tried to look for the identity of Korean peony design investigating the feature of development and expression of peony design formed in the early·middle of the Joseon dynasty.