인지언어학 관점을 통한 漢語의 의미 확장 양상 — 正反引伸을 통한 반의어로의 의미 변화를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is a research about what kind of rules are exposed in the cíyì (词义/the meaning of a word) as a result of the cíyì yǐnshēn (词义引伸/meaning extension) process. Within the Chinese language, the cíyì yǐnshēn is one of the methods to extend meanings of the word that happens based on the relativity of meaning between the words(cíyì). The cíyì changes meaning in the direction of ‘individual -> universal’, ‘concrete -> abstract’, ‘partial -> whole’, ‘notional word -> functional words’, ‘correct-incorrect(antonymy) or vice versa in ‘universal -> individual’, ‘abstract -> concrete’, and ‘whole -> partial’ directions. Among them, the phenomenon of a cíyì changing from ‘correct -> incorrect’ is a very unique one where a cíyì changes and extends into an opposite meaning word. The category of cíyì yǐnshēn where a word gets to have contrary meaning between concepts have been categorized into a zhèngfǎn yǐnshēn (正反引伸) and researched accordingly. Other than the zhèngfǎn yǐnshēn, in researches which take on a cognitive linguistic perspective, it categorizes the words into cíyì yǐnshēn based on concept relativity between ‘individual-universal’, ‘concrete-abstract’, ‘partial- whole’, and ‘real-unreal’. In this case, it cannot be seen as a result where the cognitive linguistic theory has been appropriately applied in researching the cíyì yǐnshēn. Within the scope of this paper, attempts have been made to look into differect aspects of what kind of rules exist in the extension of cíyì as a result from its meaning extension through metaphors and metonymy which act as important mechanisms in meaning extensions within the cognitive linguistic field.