Polo-Like Kinases (Plks), a Key Regulator for Cell Cycle and New Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Cell cycle process is regulated by a number of protein kinases and among them, serine/threonine kinases carry phosphate group from ATP to substrates. The most important three kinase families are Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), Polo-like kinase (Plk), and Aurora kinase. Polo-like kinase family consists of 5 members (Plk1-Plk5) and they are involved in multiple functions in eukaryotic cell division. It regulates a variety of aspects such as, centrosome maturation, checkpoint recovery, spindle assembly, cytokinesis, apoptosis and many other features. Recently, it has been reported that Plks are related to tumor development and over-expressed in many kinds of tumor cells. When injected the anti-Plk antibody into human cells, the cells show aneuploidy, and if inhibit Plks, most of the mitotic cell division does not proceed properly. For that reasons, many inhibitors of Plk have been recently emerged as new target for remedy of the cancer therapeutic research. In this paper, we reviewed briefly the characteristics of Plk families and how Plks work in regulating cell cycles and cancer formation, and the possibilities of Plks as target for cancer therapy.
Abstract
Cell cycle process is regulated by a number of protein kinases and among them, serine/threonine kinases carry phosphate group from ATP to substrates. The most important three kinase families are Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), Polo-like kinase (Plk), and Aurora kinase. Polo-like kinase family consists of 5 members (Plk1-Plk5) and they are involved in multiple functions in eukaryotic cell division. It regulates a variety of aspects such as, centrosome maturation, checkpoint recovery, spindle assembly, cytokinesis, apoptosis and many other features. Recently, it has been reported that Plks are related to tumor development and over-expressed in many kinds of tumor cells. When injected the anti-Plk antibody into human cells, the cells show aneuploidy, and if inhibit Plks, most of the mitotic cell division does not proceed properly. For that reasons, many inhibitors of Plk have been recently emerged as new target for remedy of the cancer therapeutic research. In this paper, we reviewed briefly the characteristics of Plk families and how Plks work in regulating cell cycles and cancer formation, and the possibilities of Plks as target for cancer therapy.
참고문헌 (45)
- Ando K, "Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibits p53 function by physical interaction and phosphorylation", J Biol Chem, 279, pp.25549~25561 (2004)
- Brinkley BR, "Managing the centrosome numbers game: from chaos to stability in cancer cell division", Trends Cell Biol, 11, pp.18~21 (2001)
- Burns TF, "Silencing of the novel p53 target gene Snk", Plk2 leads to mitotic catastrophe in paclitaxel (taxol)-exposed cells, 2003, pp.23, 5556~5571
- Casenghi M, "Polo-like kinase 1 regulates Nlp, a centrosome protein involved in microtubule nucleation", Dev Cell, 5, pp.113~125 (2003)
- Cizmecioglu O, "Plk2 regulates centriole duplication through phosphorylation-mediated degradation of Fbxw7 (human Cdc4)", J Cell Sci, 125, pp.981~992 (2012)
- Cizmecioglu O, "Plk2 regulated centriole duplication is dependent on its localization to the centrioles and a functional polo-box domain", Cell Cycle, 7, pp.3548~3555 (2008)
- Conn CW, "Incomplete cytokinesis and induction of apoptosis by overexpression of the mammalian polo-like kinase, Plk3", Cancer Res, 60, pp.6826~6831 (2000)
- Dai W, "Polo-like kinases, an introduction", Oncogene, 24, pp.214~216 (2005)
- de Carcer G, "Plk5, a polo box domain-only protein with specific roles in neuron differentiation and glioblastoma suppression", Mol Cell Biol, 31, pp.1225~1239 (2011)
- de Carcer G, "From Plk1 to Plk5: functional evolution of polo-like kinases", Cell Cycle, 10, pp.2255~2262 (2011)
- Degenhardt Y, "Targeting Polo-like kinase in cancer therapy", Clin Cancer Res, 16, pp.384~389 (2010)
- Descombes P, "The polo-like kinase Plx1 is required for M phase exit and destruction of mitotic regulators in Xenopus egg extracts", EMBO J, 17, pp.1328~1335 (1998)
- Glover DM, "Polo-like kinases: a team that plays throughout mitosis", Genes Dev, 12, pp.3777~3787 (1998)
- Haren L, "Plk1-dependent recruitment of gamma-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes involves multiple PCM components", PLoS One, 4, pp.e5976~ (2009)
- Iida M, "Plk3 phos-phorylates topoisomerase IIalpha at Thr(1342), a site that is not recognized by Plk1", Biochem J, 411, pp.27~32 (2008)
- Jang MS, "Phosphorylation by polo-like kinase 1 induces the tumor-suppressing activity of FADD", Oncogene, 30, pp.471~481 (2011)
- Jang YJ, "Re-gulation of Polo-like kinase 1 by DNA damage in mitosis. Inhibition of mitotic PLK-1 by protein phos-phatase 2A", J Biol Chem, 282, pp.2473~2482 (2007)
- Karsenti E, "Role of the centrosome in organizing the interphase microtubule array: properties of cytoplasts containing or lacking centrosomes", J Cell Biol, 98, pp.1763~1776 (1984)
- Kleylein-Sohn J, "Plk4-induced centriole biogenesis in human cells", Dev Cell, 13, pp.190~202 (2007)
- Knecht R, "Prognostic significance of polo-like kinase (PLK) expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck", Cancer Res, 59, pp.2794~2797 (1999)
- Kops GJ, "On the road to cancer: aneuploidy and the mitotic checkpoint", Nature reviews Cancer, 5, pp.773~785 (2005)
- Lajoie-Mazenc I, "Recruitment of antigenic gamma-tubulin during mitosis in animal cells: presence of gamma-tubulin in the mitotic spindle.", J Cell Sci, 107(Pt 10), pp.2825~2837 (1994)
- Lane HA, "Antibody microinjection reveals an essential role for human polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in the functional maturation of mitotic centrosomes", J Cell Biol, 135, pp.1701~1713 (1996)
- Liu X, "Polo-like kinase (Plk)1 depletion induces apoptosis in cancer cells", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100, pp.5789~5794 (2003)
- Lopez-Sanchez I, "Plk3 interacts with and specifically phosphorylates VRK1 in Ser342, a downstream target in a pathway that induces Golgi fragmentation", Mol Cell Biol, 29, pp.1189~1201 (2009)
- Ma S, "Role of Plk2 (Snk) in mouse development and cell proliferation", Mol Cell Biol, 23, pp.6936~6943 (2003)
- Macmillan JC, "Comparative expression of the mitotic regulators SAK and PLK in colorectal cancer", Annals of surgical oncology, 8, pp.729~740 (2001)
- Maniotis A, "Microsurgical removal of centrosomes blocks cell reproduction and centriole generation in BSC-1 cells", Cell, 67, pp.495~504 (1991)
- McInnes C, "PLK1 as an oncology target: current status and future potential", Drug Discovery Today, 16, pp.619~625 (2011)
- Ohkura H, "The conserved Schizosaccharomyces pombe kinase plo1, required to form a bipolar spindle, the actin ring, and septum, can drive septum formation in G1 and G2 cells", Genes Dev, 9, pp.1059~1073 (1995)
- Peter ME, "The death receptors", Results and problems in cell differentiation, 23, pp.25~63 (1999)
- Pihan GA, "Centrosome defects can account for cellular and genetic changes that characterize prostate cancer progression", Cancer Res, 61, pp.2212~2219 (2001)
- Qian YW, "Activated polo-like kinase Plx1 is required at multiple points during mitosis in Xenopus laevis", Mol Cell Biol, 18, pp.4262~4271 (1998)
- Shimada K, "Phosphorylation status of Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) is associated with prostate cancer progression", J Pathol, 206, pp.423~432 (2005)
- Shu HB, "Gamma-tubulin can both nucleate microtubule assembly and self-assemble into novel tubular structures in mammalian cells", J Cell Biol, 130, pp.1137~1147 (1995)
- Spankuch-Schmitt B, "Effect of RNA silencing of polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) on apoptosis and spindle formation in human cancer cells", J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp.1863~1877 (2002)
- Strebhardt K, "Targeting polo-like kinase 1 for cancer therapy", Nature Reviews Cancer, 6, pp.321~330 (2006)
- Sunkel CE, "Polo, a mitotic mutant of Drosophila displaying abnormal spindle poles", J Cell Sci, 89(Pt 1), pp.25~38 (1988)
- Sunkel CE, "Gamma-tubulin is required for the structure and function of the microtubule organizing centre in Drosophila neuroblasts", EMBO J, 14, pp.28~36 (1995)
- Tokumitsu Y, "Prognostic significance of polo-like kinase expression in esophageal carcinoma", International Journal of Oncology, 15, pp.687~692 (1999)
- Warnke S, "Polo-like kinase-2 is required for centriole duplication in mammalian cells", Curr Biol, 14, pp.1200~1207 (2004)
- Wolf G, "Prognostic significance of polo-like kinase (PLK) expression in non-small cell lung cancer", Oncogene, 14, pp.543~549 (1997)
- Xie S, "Plk3 functionally links DNA damage to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at least in part via the p53 pathway", J Biol Chem, 276, pp.43305~43312 (2001)
- Zhou T, "A role for Plk1 phosphorylation of NudC in cytokinesis", Dev Cell, 5, pp.127~138 (2003)
- Zimmerman WC, "Finding Plk3", Cell Cycle, 6, pp.1314~1318 (2007)
