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도시 녹지공간이 환경성 질환에 미치는 영향 분석

Analysis of the Effects of Urban Green Space on Environmental Diseases

연평식|이영은
한국산림휴양복지학회 (Korean Institute of Forest Recreation and Welfare)|2024.03|한국산림휴양학회지 (The Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation)|제28권 제1호|pp. 29-42|DOI 10.34272/forest.2024.28.1.003

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아토피 피부염천식AsthmaAtopic DermatitisUrban Green Space도시녹지공간환경성 질환만성폐쇄성폐질환COPDEnvironmental Diseases

초록

근래 급격한 산업의 발전과 도시화로 도시지역 인구가 급증하면서 환경유해인자가 많은 도시지역의 환경성 질환 발생 위험에 대한 관심은 날이 갈수록 커지고 있다. 이에 대한 예방과 치료에 있어 도시지역에서 산림과 녹지공간이 가진 긍정적인 기능에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 도시 녹지공간의 면적에 따른 환경성 질환에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 분석을 수행하였다. 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년간 서울특별시 25개 자치구의 녹지공간 면적과 환경성 질환 진료인원수의 자료를 각각 서울열린데이터광장과 국민건강보험공단의 통계자료를 수집하여 SPSS 25 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 1인당 녹지면적과 녹지율을 산출하고 동일크기 세 집단으로 구분하여 환경성 질환의 진료인원수의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구 결과 1인당 녹지면적에 따른 결막염, COPD, 천식, 천식지속상태의 진료인원수는 1인당 상위녹지면적 1.3493 – 3.2803(m2)이 1인당 하위녹지면적 .2848 – .9135(m2)보다 유의미하게 낮게 나타났다. 또한 녹지율에 따른 결막염, COPD, 천식의 진료인원수도 상위녹지율 2.635 – 4.200(%)이 하위녹지율 .514 – 1.613(%)보다 유의미하게 낮게 나타났다. 반면 아토피성피부염은 1인당 중위녹지면적 .9136 – 1.3492 (m2)일 때, 알러지성비염은 중위녹지율 1.614 – 2.634(%)일 때 진료인원수가 통계적으로 유의미하게 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 도시 녹지공간의 비율이 높을수록 환경성 질환 중 결막염, COPD, 천식, 천식지속상태는 전반적으로 진료인원수가 낮아지는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 알러지성비염과 아토피성피부염은 중간범위일 때 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에 기초하여 도시 녹지공간이 환경성 질환에 미치는 영향을 보다 일반화하기 위해서는 도시지역 대상지의 공간의 범위를 확장하여 다양한 도시성 수준의 지역 연구가 이루어질 것과 도시지역 간의 차이를 볼 수 있는 연구설계를 제언한다.

Abstract

In recent years, as the population of urban areas has increased rapidly due to rapid industrial development and urbanization, the risk of environmental diseases in urban areas with many environmental hazards is growing day by day. In the prevention and treatment of this condition, there is a growing interest in the positive function of forests and green spaces in urban areas. Accordingly, this study conducted an analysis to determine the impact on environmental diseases according to the area of urban green space. For 10 years from 2010 to 2019, data on the area of green space and the number of patients treated for environmental diseases in autonomous districts of Seoul were collected from the Seoul Open Data Plaza and the National Health Insurance Corporation, respectively, and analyzed using the SPSS 25 program. The green area and green area per capita were calculated and divided into three groups of the same size to verify the difference in the number of patients treated for environmental diseases. As a result of the study, the number of patients treated for conjunctivitis, COPD, asthma, and asthma persistence was significantly lower in the upper green area of 1.3493 – 3.2803 (m2) than in the lower green area of .2848 – .9135(m2) per capita. In addition, the number of patients treated for conjunctivitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma according to the greening rate was significantly lower than the upper green area ratio of 2.635 – 4.200(%) than the lower green area ratio of .514 – 1.613(%). However, atopic dermatitis had the lowest number of patients when the median green area per capita was .9136 – 1.3492(m2) and allergic rhinitis was the lowest when the median green area was 1.614 – 2.634(%). These results confirmed that the higher the proportion of urban green spaces, the more positive the overall number of patients for conjunctivitis, COPD, asthma, and asthma persistence among environmental diseases, and the positive effect of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the middle range. Based on the above results, in order to generalize the effect of urban green spaces on environmental diseases, we propose a study design that expands the scope of space in urban areas to conduct regional studies at various levels of urbanity and to see the differences between urban areas.

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