글로벌 시대 창조 담론의 제도화 과정: 행위자-네트워크 이론을 중심으로
The Institutionalization Process of Discourse of Creativity in the Era of Globalization: Approached from Actor-Network Theory
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본 논문은 창조도시 및 창조경제 등 이른바 ‘창조성’ 담론이 어떻게 특정한 로컬 상황에서 부상하여 권위를 획득한 후 새로운 로컬 상황으로 정책이전 되는지를 행위자-네트워크 이론에 입각하여 민족기술지적으로 풀어내고자 한다. 우선, 본 논문은 ‘글로벌화’라는 용어가 그 자체로서 거대 담론이 되어 버렸다는 점을 지적하면서, ‘글로벌-로컬’과 같은 이분법을 극복하기 위한 대안적 서사 틀로서 행위자-네트워크 이론의 유용성을 제시한다. 둘째, 창조 담론이 부상하게 된 과정을 추적하기 위한 시작점으로서 창조성의 간략한 계보학을 그려본다. 셋째, 1990년대 후반 이후 선진 자본주의 국가를 중심으로 다양한 행위자-네트워크가 창조 담론을 중심으로 동맹을 구축하고 해체되며 다시 새로운 형태의 동맹을 구축하는 과정을 검토한다. 특히, IT 부문 등 신경제 중심의 창조경제 담론에서 창조도시를 중심으로 한 도시 성장론으로, 그리고 최근 한국의 경우 다시 정보통신 등을 중심으로 창조경제 담론이 새롭게 부상하는 과정을 추적한다.
Abstract
This paper, based on actor-network theory and ethnographic research, investigates how the discourse of creativity could acquire global authority and be transferred to other local economies. First of all, by critiquing the discursive nature of the term ‘globalization,’ I introduce how actor-network theory can be a relevant approach to overcome global-local dichotomy. Second, I briefly examine the genealogical trajectory of the term creativity so as to historically contextualize it. Third, this paper reviews how diverse actor-networks construct and reconstruct development coalition through the discourse of creativity since the late 1990s. It particularly argues that the discourse shows certain transitions from the discourse of ‘new economy’ based on creative economy to the policy-making discussions on the growth of city based on creative cities. And I will address that the discourse of creative economy, in the process of global policy transfer, re-mobilizes diverse political and economic actors for revitalizing the ITC sector in South Korea.
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